Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Factor | All patients (n = 157) |
50 mg (n = 20) |
100 mg (n = 46) |
200 mg (n = 62) |
400 mg (n = 29) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (Male; %) | 101 (64.3) | 11 (55.0) | 28 (60.9) | 41 (66.1) | 21 (72.4) | 0.591 |
| Age | 76.6 ± 11.4 | 74.8 ± 11.9 | 76.2 ± 13.7 | 76.7 ± 9.9 | 77.9 ± 10.4 | 0.817 |
| Heart failure (stage C) (%) | 95 (60.5) | 14 (70.0) | 29 (63.0) | 34 (54.8) | 18 (62.1) | 0.628 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 61 (38.9) | 9 (45.0) | 13 (28.3) | 27 (43.5) | 12 (41.4) | 0.37 |
| Myocardial infarction (%) | 36 (22.9) | 5 (25.0) | 11 (23.9) | 12 (19.4) | 8 (27.6) | 0.831 |
| Hypertension (%) | 100 (63.7) | 9 (45.0) | 22 (47.8) | 49 (79.0) | 20 (69.0) | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 67 (42.7) | 8 (40.0) | 20 (43.5) | 26 (41.9) | 13 (44.8) | 0.987 |
| Co-administrated drug | ||||||
| Beta-blocker (%) | 119 (75.8) | 18 (90.0) | 38 (82.6) | 40 (64.5) | 23 (79.3) | 0.049 |
| MRA (%) | 63 (40.1) | 10 (50.0) | 21 (45.7) | 22 (35.5) | 10 (34.5) | 0.506 |
| SGLT2 inhibitor (%) | 53 (33.8) | 7 (35.0) | 15 (32.6) | 19 (30.6) | 12 (41.4) | 0.786 |
| Verisiguat (%) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.4) | 0.266 |
| Ivabradine (%) | 4 (2.5) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.674 |
| Corticosteroids (%) | 9 (5.7) | 2 (10.0) | 4 (8.7) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (3.4) | 0.489 |
| Loop diuretics (mg/day)* | 5.1 ± 15.3 | 5.5 ± 8.9 | 9.1 ± 25.5 | 3.2 ± 7.4 | 2.4 ± 6.4 | 0.168 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 26 (26.5) | 5 (29.4) | 4 (13.8) | 10 (28.6) | 7 (41.2) | 0.218 |
| LVEF (%) | 48.4 ± 15.7 | 42.4 ± 12.1 | 48.3 ± 15.8 | 49.5 ± 15.3 | 50.7 ± 18.4 | 0.305 |
| <40 (%) | 50 (31.8) | 11 (57.9) | 13 (33.3) | 18 (31.6) | 8 (30.8) | 0.415 |
| 40–50 (%) | 24 (15.3) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (15.4) | 9 (15.8) | 6 (23.1) | |
| ≥50 (%) | 67 (42.7) | 5 (26.3) | 20 (51.3) | 30 (52.6) | 12 (46.2) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.8 ± 22.5 | 125.8 ± 20.1 | 124.0 ± 19.6 | 138.4 ± 21.2 | 140.0 ± 25.9 | 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52.3 ± 19.2 | 53.8 ± 15.9 | 51.4 ± 21.1 | 54.7 ± 19.9 | 47.3 ± 16.5 | 0.368 |
| BNP (pg/dL) | 327.8 ± 267.9 | 360.7 ± 311.4 | 394.7 ± 306.0 | 268.0 ± 288.9 | 327.4 ± 299.3 | 0.098 |
| BNP ≥ 400 pg/dL (%) | 39 (24.8) | 7 (35.0) | 15 (32.6) | 9 (14.5) | 8 (27.6) | 0.100 |
*Furosemide equivalent.
MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; SGLT2-I: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide.