Table 1.
Study characteristics for included papers.
| Author | Sample size | Mean age (Years) | % of female | Mean BMI (kg/m²) | Diagnostic criteria | Radiographic scoring methods | Examined joints | Criteria for participant selection | Ultrasound changes | Laboratory Biomarkers | Statistical test for measures of effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atar et al. [38] | 58 | 56.11 ± 5.36 | 100 | 31.67 ± 5.33 | ACR | K-L | 2nd MCPJ (Bilateral) | Exclusion of inflammatory arthritis, infectious arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, crystal arthritis, avascular necrosis of knee, Charcot disease, carpal tunnel disease, history of intra-articular injection in the knee and hand joints within previous 4 weeks and drug history which could affect the serum ET-1 levels | Cartilage thickness | ET-1 | Pearson + Spearman’s correlation |
| Baloun et al. [34] | 104 | 66.3 ± 8.2 | 87 | 27.0 ± 3.5 | ACR | Kallman + K-L | DIPJs, PIPJs, MCPJs and 1st CMCJ (Bilateral) | The exclusion criteria for both hand OA patients and controls were the presence of systemic inflammatory disease or cancer. | PD + GSS | Eotaxin IFN-γ IL-1β IL-1RA IL-4 IL-8 IL-9 IL-17 IP-10 MCP-1 MIP-1α MIP-1β RANTES TNF PDGF-bb |
Kendall’s tau correlation |
| Kim et al. [35] | 66 | 57.5 (52 − 63.3) | 91 | 23.4 (21.1 − 25.4) | ACR | K-L | DIPJs, PIPJs and 1st CMCJ (Bilateral) | Excluding subjects with other inflammatory or autoimmune rheumatic diseases | GSS + OST + Effusion | ESR + CRP | Spearman’s correlation |
| Kropáčková et al. [39] | 135 | 66.3 ± 8.3 | 89 | 27.2 ± 4.2 | ACR | K-L | DIPJs, PIPJs, MCPJs and 1st CMCJ (Bilateral) | Exclusion of systemic inflammatory disease or cancer. | GSS + PD + OST | CLU | Pearson + Spearman’s correlation |
ACR: American College of Rheumatology; CMC: Carpometacarpal joint; CLU: Clusterin; CRP: C-Reactive Protein; DIP: Distal interphalangeal; ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; ET-1: Endothelin-1; GSS: Grey-scale synovitis; HOA: Hand osteoarthritis; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta; IL-1RA: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist; IL-4: Interleukin-4; IL-8: Interleukin-8; IL-9: Interleukin-9; IL-17: Interleukin-17; IP-10: Interferon gamma-induced protein 10; K-L: Kellgren & Lawrence; MCP-1: Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1; MIP-1α: Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1-alpha; MIP-β: Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1-beta; OST: Osteophyte; PD: Power Doppler; PDGF-bb: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB; PIP: Proximal interphalangeal; TNF: Tumour Necrosis Factor.