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. 2025 Aug 8;13:1580600. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1580600

Table 1.

A comparison of CPR knowledge and practice scores among freshmen, considering their general information (n = 1,550).

Items Number [n (%)] score (x ± s) T/F p
Gender −4.657 <0.001
Men 459 (29.6) 60.06 ± 15.04
Women 1,091 (70.4) 63.60 ± 13.02
Age 3.872 0.004
18–19 954 (61.5) 63.51 ± 13.41
19–20 477 (30.8) 61.46 ± 13.75
20–21 100 (6.5) 59.02 ± 15.01
21–22 14 (0.9) 62.65 ± 15.22
22–23 5 (0.3) 56.00 ± 26.81
Place of residence 9.999 <0.001
Countryside 1,228 (79.2) 61.79 ± 13.67
Town 142 (9.2) 64.36 ± 14.61
City 180 (11.6) 66.32 ± 12.80
Monthly cost of living 1.671 0.154
<1,000 284 (18.3) 61.44 ± 14.14
1,000 ~ <2,000 1,169 (75.4) 62.66 ± 13.69
2,000 ~ <3,000 84 (5.4) 64.42 ± 12.37
3,000 ~ <4,000 9 (0.6) 69.61 ± 15.86
>4,000 4 (0.3) 56.38 ± 18.87
Conscious health condition 9.109 <0.001
Very poor 14 (0.9) 67.21 ± 17.20
Poor 57 (3.7) 56.19 ± 14.08
General 786 (50.7) 61.20 ± 13.42
Good 481 (31.0) 64.40 ± 12.68
Very good 212 (13.7) 64.77 ± 15.72
Mother’s education level 4.682 <0.001
Primary school or below 389 (25.1) 61.13 ± 13.86
Primary schoolgraduate 339 (21.9) 61.37 ± 13.99
Junior high school 550 (35.5) 62.90 ± 13.12
Senior high school or vocational school 196 (12.6) 65.27 ± 13.50
Associate degree or above 76 (4.9) 65.64 ± 15.54
Father’s education level 4.084 0.003
Primary school or below 175 (11.3) 60.31 ± 15.46
Primary school graduate 264 (17.0) 61.66 ± 12.27
Junior high school 735 (47.4) 62.45 ± 13.38
Senior high school or vocational school 278 (17.9) 63.65 ± 14.59
Associate degree or above 98 (6.3) 66.62 ± 13.52
Primary Caregiver 0.760 0.468
Parents 1,311 (84.6) 62.63 ± 13.89
Grandparents 162 (10.4) 61.46 ± 11.85
Other 77 (5.0) 63.60 ± 14.81
First aid training experience 14.497 <0.001
Yes 489 (31.5) 69.55 ± 10.89
No 1,061 (68.5) 59.33 ± 13.72
Relative who is a paramedic 3.714 <0.001
No 294 (19.0) 65.22 ± 13.32
No 1,256 (81.0) 61.93 ± 13.77
Witnessed or experienced an emergency such as cardiac arrest? 2.757 0.006
Yes 130 (8.4) 65.73 ± 14.67
No 1,420 (91.6) 62.26 ± 13.62
Has CPR training been included in the curriculum of previous schools? 98.316 <0.001
Yes 729 (47.0) 67.43 ± 12.44
No 258 (16.6) 59.12 ± 13.87
Unknown 563 (36.4) 57.82 ± 13.17
Health status of family members 10.567 <0.001
Very poor 20 (1.3) 65.70 ± 11.22
Poor 97 (6.3) 58.94 ± 13.40
General 710 (45.8) 60.76 ± 13.92
Good 548 (35.4) 64.16 ± 12.85
Very good 175 (11.3) 66.43 ± 14.66