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. 2025 Aug 21;55(4):207–214. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2025.67513

Table 2. Reported side effects associated with treatment agents used prior to adalimumab .

Agents with side effect*, N (%)

Reported side effect*, N

Azathioprine, 22 (15.1)

Anemia, 2

Lymphopenia, 4

Fatigue, 6

Renal function test impairment, 2

Liver function test impairment, 9

Steroid, 20 (13.7)

Cushing syndrome, 5

Acne, 1

Osteoporosis, 4

Neuropathy/myopathy, 2

Steroid-responder glaucoma, 9

Central serous chorioretinopathy, 1

Cyclosporine, 17 (11.6)

Fatigue; 1

Renal function test impairment, 2

Neuropathy/myopathy, 8

Hirsutism, 3

Gingival hypertrophy, 3

Interferon-α, 13 (8.9)

Lymphopenia, 3

Fatigue, 4

Liver function test impairment, 2

Alopecia, 3

Weight loss, 3

Depression, 1

Methotrexate, 10 (6.8)

Anemia, 1

Nausea, 4

Liver function test impairment, 4

Shingles (herpes zoster), 1

Etanercept, 6 (4.1)

Paradoxical uveitis, 6

N: Number of patients

*Overlapping side effects in the same patient and/or different side effects to the same agent. The most common side effect against the agent is written in bold type