Table 3. Association of cotinine levels and environmental factors with asthma severity.

p < 0.05 is considered significant.

S. no.	Variable		Total, n (%)	Mild severity (45), n (%)	Moderate/severe severity (47), n (%)	χ²	p-Value
1	Cotinine levels	Passive smoking	32 (34.8)	11 (24.4)	21 (44.7)	4.150	0.043
		Detectable/negative	60 (65.2)	34 (75.6)	26 (55.3)
2	Residence	Rural	50 (54.3)	27 (60.0)	23 (49.0)	1.134	0.291
		Urban	42 (45.7)	18 (40.0)	24 (51.0)
3	Seasonal variation	Yes	24 (26.0)	11 (24.4)	16 (34.0)	0.123	0.725
		No	68 (74.0)	34 (75.6)	31 (66.0)
4	Cold air	Yes	46 (50.0)	20 (44.4)	26 (55.3)	1.088	0.307
		No	46 (50.0)	25 (55.6)	21 (44.7)
5	Dust	Yes	17 (18.5)	7 (15.6)	10 (21.3)	0.450	0.479
		No	75 (81.5)	38 (84.4)	37 (78.7)
6	Respiratory infections	Yes	15 (16.3)	13 (28.9)	13 (27.6)	0.0171	0.895
		No	77 (83.7)	32 (71.1)	34 (72.4)
7	Others	Yes	14 (15.2)	5 (11.1)	9 (19.1)	0.060	0.806
		No	78 (84.8)	40 (88.9)	38 (80.9)