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. 2025 Aug 8;16:1618472. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1618472

TABLE 5.

Top 20 Escherichia-associated candidate diseases on HMDAD.

Disease Evidence Disease Evidence
Type 1 diabetes PMID:36037202 Psoriasis PMID:33924414
Liver cirrhosis PMID:33466521 Colorectal carcinoma PMID:28106826
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) PMID:32966000 Atopic dermatitis PMID:36335456
Bacterial Vaginosis PMID:38751998 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome PMID:34997430
Periodontal PMID:33830141 Obesity PMID:34385401
Necrotizing Enterocolitis PMID:37894115 Whipple’s disease PMID:18500934
Cystic fibrosis PMID:24178246 Kidney stones PMID:36798915
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) PMID:36267392 Type 2 diabetes PMID:31399369
Ileal Crohn’s disease (CD) PMID:37800577 Guttate psoriasis PMID:9,627,688
Crohn’s disease (CD) PMID:36182819 Rheumatoid arthrits NA

Notes: The top 10 diseases are listed in the first column, while the top 11–20 diseases are listed in the third column.