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. 2025 Aug 8;16:1642150. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1642150

Table 4.

Histological characterizations in EA, EA + BMSCs, BMSCs, and PBS (mean ± SD).

Histology of the injured nerves Time points
(weeks)
EA EA + BMSCs BMSCs PBS p < 0.05
Myelin area (%) 0 32.72 ± 2.25 30.93 ± 3.91 31.79 ± 3.58 31.48 ± 1.43
2 1.66 ± 0.43 1.45 ± 0.78 1.18 ± 0.31 1.11 ± 0.31
3 6.53 ± 1.67 6.05 ± 1.41 3.35 ± 1.09 2.82 ± 1.12 bcde
4 20.97 ± 1.67 15.26 ± 2.22 12.56 ± 2.30 5.04 ± 0.92 abcef
Myelin debris area (%) 1 15.94 ± 2.18 18.18 ± 1.12 22.74 ± 4.69 17.43 ± 0.79 bf
2 4.74 ± 0.94 5.70 ± 1.71 8.17 ± 1.76 9.88 ± 2.13 bce
3 3.35 ± 0.47 4.05 ± 0.84 4.65 ± 0.26 5.95 ± 0.43 bcef
4 2.67 ± 0.40 2.47 ± 0.17 2.68 ± 0.35 3.14 ± 0.14

EA, electroacupuncture; BMSCs, bone mesenchymal stem cells; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SD, standard deviation; p ≤ 0.05, post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. p < 0.05 and statistically significant difference between groups: a, EA vs. EA + BMSCs; b, EA vs. BMSCs; c, EA vs. PBS; d, EA + BMSCs vs. BMSCs; e, EA + BMSCs vs. PBS; f, BMSCs vs. PBS.