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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Behav Anal. 2025 Apr 11;58(2):270–286. doi: 10.1002/jaba.70006

TABLE 2.

Number of consecutive controlled case series (CCCS) studies reporting on features of Element 1.

Element 1 features (n = 70) Number of studies (%)

Independent variables 70 (100%)
Dependent variables 67 (95.71%)
Single-case experimental design 70 (100%)
Demonstration of experimental control -
 Graphs 30 (42.86%)
 Structured or validated set of criteria 21 (30%)
 Combination of graphs, tables, structured criteria 16 (22.86%)
 Tables 3 (4.29%)