Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 22;25(3):22. doi: 10.5334/ijic.8921

Table 3.

Gender, education and financial situation regressed on the different bars of the cascade, using a logistic regression analysis (crude and adjusted odds ratios are presented).


BELGIUM

IN CARE = 1 (AMONG THE DIAGNOSED; N = 1137) IN TREATMENT = 1 (AMONG THE LINKED TO CARE; N = 1080)


CUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE

Gender (ref. men)

women 1.96 0.94 4.08 0.072 1.84 0.88 3.86 0.105 0.91 0.50 1.64 0.745 1.20 0.67 2.13 0.545

Education
(ref. high (higher secondary or higher))

low (primary school or lower) 1.37 0.42 4.51 0.606 0.79 0.23 2.65 0.699 0.69 0.30 1.57 0.375 0.60 0.25 1.44 0.255

middle (lower secondary school) 1.55 0.52 4.63 0.434 1.08 0.35 3.29 0.896 0.91 0.45 1.86 0.796 0.77 0.39 1.53 0.458

Financial situation (ref. good)

poor 1.06 0.45 2.5 0.891 1.00 0.41 2.47 0.992 0.42 0.20 0.87 0.02 * 0.37 0.18 0.77 0.008 **

moderate 1.3 0.52 3.27 0.576 1.01 0.39 2.60 0.983 0.47 0.21 1.05 0.067 0.42 0.20 0.88 0.022 *

ADHERENT TO TREATMENT = 1 (AMONG THOSE IN TREATMENT; N = 1042) UNDER CONTROL = 1 (AMONG THOSE ADHERED TO TREATMENT) a

CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE ADJUSTED OR CI-95 P-VALUE

Gender (ref. men)

women 1.38 0.83 2.28 0.215 1.48 0.86 2.54 0.155

Education
(ref. high (higher secondary or higher))

low (primary school or lower) 0.62 0.29 1.33 0.221 0.37 0.16 0.83 0.016 *

middle (lower secondary school) 1.12 0.60 2.08 0.715 0.82 0.42 1.58 0.552

Financial situation (ref. good)

poor 1.31 0.75 2.29 0.345 1.25 0.71 2.20 0.445

moderate 1.21 0.64 2.27 0.554 1.01 0.53 1.90 0.984

SLOVENIA

IN CARE = 1 (AMONG THE DIAGNOSED; N = 22837) b IN TREATMENT = 1 (AMONG THE LINKED TO CARE; N = 13061) b


CUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE

Gender (ref. men)

women 1.09 1.04 1.15 0.001 ** 1.08 1.02 1.14 0.005 ** 1.36 0.96 1.92 0.082 1.29 0.91 1.83 0.153

Education // // // //

Financial situation // // // //

ADHERENT TO TREATMENT = 1 (AMONG THOSE IN TREATMENT; N = 2051) UNDER CONTROL = 1 (AMONG THOSE ADHERED TO CARE; N = 1873)


CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE

Gender (ref. men)

women 1.26 0.93 1.72 0.143 1.25 0.91 1.74 0.173 1.29 1.07 1.54 0.007 ** 1.31 1.08 1.59 0.006 **

Education
(ref. high (higher secondary or higher))

low (primary school or lower) 1.11 0.74 1.74 0.620 1.18 0.76 1.88 0.470 1.12 0.88 1.45 0.359 1.09 0.84 1.42 0.497

middle (lower secondary school) 1.21 0.84 1.78 0.322 1.26 0.87 1.87 0.231 1.04 0.84 1.29 0.747 1.07 0.86 1.34 0.518

Financial situation (ref. good)

poor 0.47 0.21 1.26 0.093 0.39 0.17 1.07 0.043 * 0.85 0.42 1.72 0.644 0.82 0.40 1.68 0.585

moderate 0.68 0.46 1.02 0.054 0.64 0.43 0.98 0.034 * 0.88 0.68 1.14 0.340 0.84 0.65 1.11 0.218

CAMBODIA

IN CARE = 1 (AMONG THE DIAGNOSED; N = 925) IN TREATMENT = 1 (AMONG THE LINKED TO CARE; N= 917)


CUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE

Gender (ref. men)

women 1.62 1.01 2.61 0.046 * 1.80 1.03 3.13 0.036 * 5.42 1.32 22.23 0.019 * 4.38 0.78 24.57 0.093

Education (ref. high (higher secondary or higher))

low (primary school or lower) 0.92 0.23 3.61 0.906 1.24 0.35 4.39 0.739 0.83 0.10 6.98 0.869 0.36 0.03 4.18 0.414

middle (lower secondary school) 0.75 0.16 3.40 0.708 1.01 0.23 4.39 0.985 // // // // // // // //

Financial situation (ref. good)

poor 0.30 0.18 0.49 0.000 *** 0.27 0.16 0.46 <0.001 *** 1.30 0.21 8.13 0.777 1.42 0.24 8.72 0.683

moderate 0.35 0.18 0.65 0.001 *** 0.37 0.19 0.72 0.003 ** 0.38 0.07 1.88 0.240 0.54 0.09 3.01 0.487

ADHERED TO TREATMENT = 1 (AMONG THOSE IN TREATMENT; N = 522) UNDER CONTROL = 1 (AMONG THOSE ADHERED TO CARE; N = 356)


CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE CRUDE OR CI-95 P-VALUE AOR CI-95 P-VALUE

Gender (ref. men)

women 2.23 1.65 3.00 0.001 *** 2.11 1.57 2.84 <0.001

Education
(ref. high (higher secondary or higher))

low (primary school or lower) 1.11 0.47 2.57 0.810 0.63 0.28 1.34 0.251 1.04 0.39 2.77 0.925 0.52 0.21 1.31 0.166

middle (lower secondary school) 0.99 0.38 2.58 0.993 0.71 0.28 1.75 0.460 0.91 0.29 2.84 0.870 0.62 0.21 1.82 0.383

Financial situation (ref. good)

poor 0.71 0.54 0.92 0.009 ** 0.74 0.56 0.99 0.045 * 0.70 0.51 0.95 0.025 * 0.74 0.52 1.04 0.088

moderate 0.84 0.61 1.16 0.305 0.89 0.62 1.27 0.531 0.99 0.66 1.47 0.972 1.07 0.69 1.64 0.745

Notes: OR = odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; adjusted for age, body mass index, current smoking status and comorbidity diabetes type 2; CI = Confidence interval; *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001;

a the BELHES sample is only a subsample of the HIS sample and the sample size was too small for a logistic regression with outcome variable ‘under control’; b only adjusted for age; // = not able to estimate ORs because of small cells.