Table 2.
Comparison of baseline and perioperative data between TND and non-TND groups
| Variables | TND (N = 74) | Non-TND (N = 113) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic characters | |||
| Sex((N, %)) | 0.975 | ||
| Male (N, %) | 56 (75.7) | 87 (77.0) | |
| Female (N, %) | 18 (24.3) | 26 (23.0) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)b | 26.34 (4.36) | 26.22 (5.13) | 0.87 |
| Age (years)b | 53.00 [41.00, 68.00] | 51.00 [42.00, 59.00] | 0.202 |
| Smoking (N, %) | 22 (29.7) | 29 (25.7) | 0.658 |
| Alcohol (N, %) | 16 (21.6) | 21 (18.6) | 0.747 |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 58 (78.4) | 77 (68.1) | 0.174 |
| Coronary heart disease (N, %) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (1.8) | 1 |
| Diabetes (N, %) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 |
| Hepatitis (N, %) | 3 (4.1) | 3 (2.7) | 0.915 |
| Allergies (N, %) | 3 (4.1) | 9 (8.0) | 0.446 |
| Nephropathy (N, %) | 6 (8.1) | 3 (2.7) | 0.176 |
| Myocardial infarction (N, %) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.831 |
| Atrial fibrillation (N, %) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.831 |
| Immune diseases (N, %) | 5 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.17 |
| Marfan syndrome (N, %) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) | 1 |
| Malignancy (N, %) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.4) | 1 |
| Reoperation (N, %) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 0.672 |
| Preoperative data | |||
| Coronary malperfusion (N, %) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (0.9) | 1 |
| Mesenteric malperfusion (N, %) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (0.9) | 1 |
| Lower limb malperfusion (N, %) | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.303 |
| Hemopericardium (N, %) | 16 (21.6) | 11 (9.7) | 0.04 |
| Pre-mental status (N, %) | 0.926 | ||
| Vigilant | 71 (95.9) | 107 (94.7) | |
| Somnolent | 1 (1.4) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Coma | 2 (2.7) | 4 (3.5) | |
| Urgency of operation (N, %) | 0.572 | ||
| Elective | 12 (16.2) | 20 (17.7) | |
| Urgent | 56 (75.7) | 88 (77.9) | |
| Emergent | 6 (8.1) | 5 (4.4) | |
| Intraoperative data | |||
| Aortic Valve Replacement (N, %) | 11 (14.9) | 27 (23.9) | 0.189 |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting (N, %) | 5 (6.8) | 1 (0.9) | 0.071 |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (N, %) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.831 |
| Cerebral perfusion (N, %) | 0.168 | ||
| Unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion | 62 (83.8) | 89 (78.8) | |
| Retrograde cerebral perfusion | 4 (5.4) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion | 7 (9.5) | 21 (18.6) | |
| Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Lowest temperature (N, %) | 0.748 | ||
| 20-24℃ | 58 (78.4) | 85 (75.2) | |
| 25-28℃ | 16 (21.6) | 28 (24.8) | |
| Aortic arch surgery (N, %) | 0.306 | ||
| Hemi-arch | 17 (23.0) | 18 (15.9) | |
| Fenestrated arch stent | 18 (24.3) | 20 (17.7) | |
| Island-total arch replacement | 18 (24.3) | 37 (32.7) | |
| Total arch replacement | 21 (28.4) | 38 (33.6) | |
| Operative time (min)b | 380.00 [330.00, 420.00] | 380.00 [330.00, 410.00] | 0.714 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min)b | 187.00 [163.25, 218.75] | 172.00 [143.00, 211.00] | 0.04 |
| Cross-clamp time (min)b | 134.00 [109.00, 155.50] | 126.00 [108.00, 157.00] | 0.36 |
| Hypothermic circulatory arrest (min)b | 28.50 [23.00, 35.00] | 28.00 [21.00, 33.00] | 0.21 |
| Postoperative data | |||
| Dynamic aEEG grade (N, %) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal (△aEEG I) | 16 (21.6) | 96 (85.0) | |
| Mild injury (△aEEG II) | 53 (71.6) | 16 (14.2) | |
| Severe injury (△aEEG III) | 5 (6.8) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Post-RBP data | |||
| Post-RBP Alpha (%)b | 74.66 [61.75, 81.59] | 66.32 [58.55, 74.56] | 0.001 |
| Post-RBP Beta (%)b | 14.70 [9.80, 19.68] | 12.48 [9.09, 18.16] | 0.089 |
| Post-RBP Theta (%)b | 6.99 [4.03, 10.54] | 12.69 [9.77, 17.82] | <0.001 |
| Post-RBP Delta (%)a | 2.76 [1.76, 4.61] | 4.62 [3.25, 7.80] | <0.001 |
| CCU (day) | 6.00 [4.25, 9.00] | 4.00 [3.00, 5.00] | <0.001 |
| Length of stay (day) | 19.00 [15.00, 25.00] | 15.00 [13.00, 20.00] | <0.001 |
a
is expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
b
values are expressed as interquartile spacing (median [¼,¾ digits]).