Table 1.
Patient and injury characteristics
| Variable | Non-CVD (n = 135) | CVD (n = 33) |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 46 (30–60) | 40 (30–63) |
| Sex n (%) male | 106 (79%) | 24 (73%) |
| ISS | 25 (17–29) | 25 (12–30) |
| Head AIS | 5 (4–5) | 5 (3–5) |
| Time: Injury to prehospital assessment (min) | 31 (20–41) | 31 (21–44) |
| Time: Injury to hospital (min) | 83 (69–99) | 88 (76–100) |
| GCS on scene | 5 (3–7) | 3 (3–5) ** |
| First observation on scene | ||
| HR | 82 (68–97) | 103 (50–120) |
| SBP | 142 (137–147) | 73 (0–110) ** |
| ED arrival observations | ||
| HR | 86 (72–99) | 104 (94–113) ** |
| SBP | 139 (117–159) | 107 (94–119) ** |
| Lactate | 2.4 (1.4–3.3) | 6.1 (1.7–10.9) ** |
| Coagulopathy on arrival to hospital, n (%) | ||
| INR >1.2 OR PT >17.4 | 19 (15%) | 13 (43%) ** |
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; HR, heart rate (beats/ minute); SBP, systolic blood pressure (mmHg); INR, International normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time. *Signifies P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 comparing CVD with non-CVD groups (Mann–Whitney U or chi-squared tests).