Table 1.
The characteristics of each included studies for meta-analysis
| Study ID | Study design | Country | Age (mean ± sd), range | Operation | Sample size | Follow-up time | Total duration | Male | Intervention components |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aronov, et al (2019) | Single-center RCT | Russia | I: 58.6 ± 7.0 | CABG | 36 | 12 months | 10 months | 100% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 55.9 ± 7.0 | |||||||||
| Bubnova and Aronov (2020) | Single-center RCT | Russia | I: 51.9 ± 7.9 | PCI | 312 | 12 months | 1 year | 93.6% | Exercise |
| C: 51.7 ± 6.8 | |||||||||
| Carlsson (1998) | Single-center RCT | Sweden | I: 62.7 ± 4.8 | CABG | 235 | 1 year | 2 to 3 months | NR | Exercise + Education |
| C: 59.8 ± 4.8 | PCI | ||||||||
| Chaves, et al (2019) | Single-center RCT | Brazil | I: 59 ± 9.9 | PCI | 115 | 12 months | 6 months | 71.80% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 60.7 ± 8.8 | CABG | ||||||||
| Dorje, et al (2019) | Single-center RCT | China | I: 61.9 ± 8.7 | PCI | 312 | 12 months | 6 months | 81% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 59.1 ± 9.4 | |||||||||
| Engblom, et al (1996) | Single-center RCT | Finland | I: 54.1 ± 5.9 | CABG | 228 | 5 years | 3 weeks | 88% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 54.3 ± 6.2 | |||||||||
| Fletcher, et al (1994) | Single-center RCT | USA | I: 62 ± 8 | CABG | 88 | 6 months | 6 months | 100% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 63 ± 7 | PCI | ||||||||
| Haskell, et al (1994) | Multicenter RCT | USA | I: 58.3 ± 9.2 | CABG | 300 | 4 years | NR | 86% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 56.2 ± 8.2 | PCI | ||||||||
| Hassan and Nahas (2016) | Single-center RCT | Egypt | I: 52.6 ± 5 | PCI | 60 | 12 months | 6 months | 70% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 53.8 ± 5 | |||||||||
| He, et al (2020) | Single-center RCT | China | I: 60.6 ± 12.7 | PCI | 524 | 3 years | 3 years | 45.8% | Exercise |
| C: 60.9 ± 12.9 | |||||||||
| Higgins, et al (2001) | Single-center RCT | Australia | I: 48 (31 ‒ 63) | PCI | 105 | 51 weeks | NR | 83% | Exercise + Psychological + Education |
| C: 47(26‒ 63) | |||||||||
| Ma, et al (2020) | Single-center RCT | China | I: 63.1 ± 9.7 | CABG | 300 | 36 months | 12 months | 80.70% | Exercise + Education + Psychological nursing |
| C: 62.8 ± 10.7 | |||||||||
| Munk, et al (2009) | Single-center RCT | Norway | I: 57 ± 14 | PCI | 40 | 6 months | 6 months | 21% | Exercise |
| C: 61 ± 10 | |||||||||
| Mutwalli, et al (2012) | Single-center RCT | Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | I: 56.8 (53.6 ‒ 59.8) | CABG | 49 | 6 months | 6 months | 100% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 57.22 (54.4 ‒ 60.2) | |||||||||
| Oerkild, et al (2012) | Single-center RCT | Denmark | I: 77.3 ± 6.0 | PCI | 40 | 12 months | 12 months | 63.20% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 76.5 ± 7.7 | CABG | ||||||||
| Pomeshkina, et al (2019) | Single-center RCT | Russia | I: 56.9 ± 4.7 | CABG | 114 | 12 months | NR | 100% | Exercise |
| C: 57.1 ± 4.8 | |||||||||
| Reid, et al (2012) | Multi-center RCT | Canada | I: 56.7 ± 9.0 | PCI | 223 | 12 months | 20 weeks | 82.60% | Exercise + Psychological support |
| C: 56.0 ± 9.0 | |||||||||
| Seki, et al (2003) | Single-center RCT | Japan | I: 69.3 ± 2.9 | PCI | 38 | 6 months | 6 months | 100% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 70.1 ± 3.7 | CABG | ||||||||
| Snoek, et al (2020) | Multi-center RCT | Europe | I: 72.4 ± 5.4 | PCI | 179 | 12 months | 6 months | 78% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 73.6 ± 5.5 | CABG | ||||||||
| Toobert, et al (2000) | Single-center RCT | USA | I: 64 ± 10 | PCI | 25 | 24 months | 24 months | 0% | Exercise + Education + Psychological support |
| C: 63 ± 11 | CABG | ||||||||
| Uddin, et al (2020) | Single-center RCT | Bangladesh | I: 54 ± 6 | CABG | 142 | 12 months | 12 months | 93% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 55 ± 6 | |||||||||
| Xu, et al (2017) | Single-center RCT | China | I: 56.4 ± 8.1 | PCI | 130 | 6 months | 3 months | 79% | Exercise |
| C: 58.6 ± 8 | |||||||||
| Yu, et al (2003) | Single-center RCT | China | I: 62.3 ± 11.2 | PCI | 112 | 2 years | 8 months | 82% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 61.2 ± 10.2 | |||||||||
| Yu, et al (2004) | Single-center RCT | China | I: 64 ± 11 | PCI | 269 | 2 years | 8 months | 76% | Exercise + Education |
| C: 64 ± 11 | |||||||||
| Zhang, et al (2018) | Single-center RCT | China | I: 70.3 ± 10.7 | PCI | 130 | 6 months | 12 months | 90.8% | Exercise |
| C: 69.8 ± 10.4 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; C, controlling, I, intervention; NR, no report; PCI, percutaneous coronary interventions; sd, standard deviation.