Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of derivation cohort based on approach index
| Low IA group (n = 754) | High IA group (n = 726) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 70.0 (64.0–77.0) | 71.0 (66.0–78.0) | 0.14 |
| Male, % (n) | 52.4 (395) | 55.2 (401) | 0.30 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.8 (20.0–25.5) | 23.4 (20.6–26.2) | 0.002 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | <0.001 |
| NYHA functional class III or IV, % (n) | 75.5 (569) | 82.0 (595) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 20.8 (157) | 28.2 (205) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 77.7 (586) | 80.9 (587) | 0.16 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % (n) | 18.8 (142) | 26.9 (195) | <0.001 |
| Previous CAD, % (n) | 26.0 (196) | 29.5 (214) | 0.15 |
| Previous PCI, % (n) | 14.9 (112) | 18.3 (133) | 0.085 |
| Previous CABG, % (n) | 6.5 (49) | 8.0 (58) | 0.31 |
| Previous MI, % (n) | 7.6 (57) | 13.6 (99) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke, % (n) | 7.8 (59) | 15.2 (110) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease, % (n) | 12.6 (95) | 13.5 (98) | 0.66 |
| STS score, % | 5.4 (3.4–7.2) | 5.7 (3.6–8.2) | 0.003 |
| COPD, % (n) | 15.1 (114) | 17.2 (125) | 0.31 |
| Chronic kidney disease, % (n) | 14.9 (112) | 13.1 (95) | 0.37 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % (n) | 19.2 (145) | 28.5 (207) | <0.001 |
| Permanent pacemaker implant, % (n) | 6.4 (48) | 7.6 (55) | 0.42 |
BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CAD, coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; MI, myocardial infarction; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.