Table 2.
Procedural imaging assessment characteristics of derivation cohort based on approach index
| Low IA group (n = 754) | High IA group (n = 726) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transthoracic echocardiography | |||
| Bicuspid aortic valve, % (n) | 22.5 (170) | 32.5 (236) | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 50.0 (42.0–57.0) | 51.5 (45.0–59.0) | 0.014 |
| Mean aortic valve gradient, mm Hg | 64.2 (54.4–75.0) | 66.8 (55.0–77.0) | 0.060 |
| Peak aortic valve velocity, m/s | 5.4 (4.1–6.2) | 5.7 (4.5–6.3) | 0.003 |
| ≥Moderate mitral regurgitation, % (n) | 40.3 (304) | 32.4 (235) | 0.002 |
| EOA, cm2 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | <0.001 |
| Indexed EOA, cm2/m2 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | <0.001 |
| LVEDV, mL | 167.5 (115.0–214.0) | 134.0 (88.0–192.0) | <0.001 |
| LVESV, mL | 89.5 (67.0–115.0) | 77.0 (54.0–94.0) | <0.001 |
| Computed tomography angiography | |||
| Aortic valve area, mm2 | 526.7 (424.6–658.4) | 596.3 (488.2–696.9) | <0.001 |
| Minimum annular diameter, mm | 22.0 (19.8–24.9) | 25.1 (22.5–27.4) | <0.001 |
| Maximum annular diameter, mm | 27.4 (25.0–30.4) | 30.2 (27.5–32.7) | <0.001 |
| Annular perimeter, mm | 75.6 (69.1–84.1) | 85.5 (77.1–93.2) | <0.001 |
| Annular ellipticity | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.010 |
| Perimeter-derived annular diameter, mm | 24.4 (22.3–27.3) | 27.6 (24.9–30.0) | <0.001 |
| Area-derived annular diameter, mm | 24.9 (22.7–27.6) | 28.0 (25.2–30.4) | <0.001 |
| LVOT diameter, mm | 25.2 (23.4–27.7) | 27.4 (24.5–30.0) | <0.001 |
| STJ diameter, mm | 28.0 (26.2–30.9) | 30.4 (27.3–33.2) | <0.001 |
| Sinus of Valsalva diameter, mm | 30.6 (28.4–33.0) | 32.5 (29.6–35.1) | <0.001 |
| Ascending aorta diameter, mm | 35.4 (32.8–38.1) | 36.7 (34.2–39.2) | <0.001 |
| Horizontal aorta, % (n) | 19.0 (143) | 27.0 (196) | <0.001 |
| Porcelain aorta, % (n) | 4.4 (33) | 5.2 (38) | 0.52 |
| AV calcification, mm3 a | 1752.5 (1046.0–2551.0) | 1889.5 (1047.0–2587.0) | 0.30 |
| C1 | 0.0300 (0.0250–0.0350) | 0.0711 (0.0311–0.0753) | <0.001 |
| L1/L2 | 1.23 (1.19–1.32) | 2.04 (1.73–3.08) | <0.001 |
| C2 | 0.0496 (0.0447–0.0549) | 0.1016 (0.0518–0.1102) | <0.001 |
| IA | 28.1 (27.1–31.4) | 45.6 (36.8–68.4) | <0.001 |
AV, aortic valve; EOA, effective orifice area; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; STJ, sinotubular junction; C1, the maximum curvature of the descending aorta; C2, the maximum curvature of the ascending aorta; L1, the maximum diameter of the ascending aorta; L2, the maximum diameter of the annulus.
a
AV calcification includes 4-mm superannular, annular, and 4-mm left ventricular outflow tract calcification.