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. 2025 Feb 4;111(3):2546–2557. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002223

Table 1.

Baseline patient characteristics

Characteristics ChatGPT group (n = 27) Control group (n = 28) Total (n = 55) P value
Age (mean ± SD, range) 72.37 ± 4.27 (61–80) 73.04 ± 5.21 (60–80) 72.71 ± 4.74 (60–80) .505
Gender (male:female) 5:22 7:21 12:43 .561
Operative site (left:right) 17:10 20:8 37:18 .504
Educational level (≥bachelor degree: < bachelor degree: no educational experience) 10:14:3 8:16:4 18:30:7 .786
HADS-D (mean ± SD) 13.81 ± 4.31 13.68 ± 4.54 13.75 ± 4.39 .859
HADS-A (mean ± SD) 13.52 ± 4.62 13.43 ± 4.81 13.47 ± 4.67 .953
PAS-7 (mean ± SD) 14.44 ± 3.24 14.54 ± 3.17 14.49 ± 3.17 .916
VAS-A (mean ± SD) 6.74 ± 2.10 6.57 ± 2.30 6.65 ± 2.19 .822
WOMAC (mean ± SD) 109.93 ± 13.98 111.18 ± 12.12 110.56 ± 12.96 .840
VAS-P (mean ± SD) 6.15 ± 1.83 6.07 ± 1.92 6.11 ± 1.86 .864