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. 2025 Jan 24;111(3):2651–2661. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002241

Table 1.

Feature of included studies.

Publication Country Design Age (range) Proportion of male (%) Mucosal defect circumference Intervention Control Case number (protocol:control) Stricture number (protocol:control) Outcome Treatment Follow-up time (month)
Protocol 1 Protocol 2 Incidence of stricture (protocol:control) EBD number (protocol:control) Complication number (protocol:control)
Ezoe 2011 Japan Cohort study(retrospective) 62 (42–80) 95.1% >3/4 PEBD PLA 29/12 17/11 58.6%/91.7% 2.0 (2–20) 4.5 (2–35) 0/1 ESD/EMR 84 (median)
Hashimoto 2011 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 70.9 (49–89) 87.8% >3/4 ETI PLA 21/20 4/15 19.0%/75.0% 1.7 (0–15) 6.6 (0–20) 0/0 ESD 24
Yamaguchi 2011 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 68.4 (51–82) 85.4% >3/4 OS PEBD 19/22 1/7 5.3%/31.8% 1.7 (0–7) 6.8 (0–32) 0/1 ESD 12 (median)
Uno 2012 Japan RCT 68.4 (NA) 93.5% >3/4 OT + PEBD PEBD 15/16 5/11 33.3%/68.8% 0 (0–1.75) 4.0 (0–6.5) 0/1 ESD 26 (median)
Hanaoka 2012 Japan Cohort study (prospective) 65.5 (NA) 89.8% >3/4 ETI PLA 30/29 3/19 10.0%/65.5% 0 (0–2) 2 (2–15) 2/0 ESD 2
Kataoka 2014 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 69.3 (57–85) 78.8% >3/4 OS PLA 17/16 3/11 17.6%/68.7% 4.6 (2–10) 8.1 (1–18) 0/0 ESD 12 (median)
Wen 2014 China RCT 61.4 (NA) 59.1% >3/4 ST PLA 11/11 2/8 18.2%/78.7% 0.9 ± 0.9 5.7 ± 5.3 2/0 ESD 3
Takahashi 2015 Japan RCT 70.5 (48–89) 78.8% >3/4 ETI PLA 16/16 10/14 62.5%/87.5% 6.1 ± 6.2 12.5 ± 10.1 0/0 ESD 16
Nagami 2015 Japan Case–control 69.5 (NA) 82.1% >2/3 ETI PLA 28/28 3/10 10.7%/35.7% NA 0/0 ESD NA
>3/4 ETI PLA 17/19 2/10 11.8%/52.6% NA
Kadota 2016 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 70 (NA) 86.1% >3/4 ETI + OS ETI PLA 29/53/33 12/23/22 41.4%/43.4%/66.7% 5.5 (4–8.3) 6.0 (4.5–10.5) 12.5 (7.5–16) 1/2/0 ESD/EMR 12
Wen 2016 China RCT 60.9 (NA) 68.7% >1/2 BT PLA 33/34 2/11 6.1%/32.4% 1.5 (0–2) 2.8 (0–5) 0/0 ESD 3
>3/4 BT PLA 8/11 2/7 25.0%/63.6% NA 0/0 ESD 3
Tsujii 2017 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 71 (52–83) 97.4% >3/4 ETI PLA 28/10 12/9 42.9%/90.0% 8 (1–186) 5 (2–12) 5/1 ESD 2
Zhou 2017 China Cohort study (retrospective) 66.4 (NA) 65.2% >3/4 OS PLA 13/10 3/8 23.1%/80.0% 0.69 (0–3) 13.5 (0–28) 0/0 ESD 12
Iizuka 2017 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 67.9 (NA) 78.6% >2/1 PGA ETI 33/29 3/3 9.1%/10.3% 0.057 ± 0.24 1.9 ± 5.1 1/0 ESD 1.5
>3/4 PGA ETI 16/12 3/1 18.6%/8.3% NA
Chai 2018 China RCT 61.3 (NA) 60.6% >3/4 PGA + ST ST 34/32 7/15 20.5%/46.7% 4 (2–5) 6 (1–14) NA ESD 2
Pih 2019 Korea Cohort study (retrospective) 66 (NA) 96.2% >3/4 OS ETI PLA 25/6/22 5/2/11 20.0%/33.3%/50.0% NA NA ESD 20 (median)
Chu 2019 China Cohort study (retrospective) 64.3 (46–80) 65.7% >2/3 ETI + OS PLA 34/36 5/19 14.7%/51.5% 0.2 ± 0.6 3.3 ± 5.4 1/1 ESD 28 (median)
>3/4 ETI + OS PLA 11/18 2/15 18.2%/83.3% 0.4 ± 1.0 6.1 ± 6.5
Yang 2019 China Cohort study (prospective) 62.8 (NA) 66.7% >3/4 PGA + ST ST 38/37 5/13 13.2%/35.1% 4.4 ± 0.9 5.8 ± 2.9 NA ESD 2
Nie 2019 China Cohort study (retrospective) 66.6 (NA) 88.9% >3/4 OHA ETI + OS 14/13 1/7 7.1%/53.8% 0 0.5 (0–1) 9/9 ESD 2
Hashimoto 2019 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 71.5 (49–90) 86.2% >3/4 ETI PLA 35/23 16/17 45.7%/73.9% 0 (0–7) 4 (0–20) 2/1 ESD 12
Sakaguchi 2020 Japan Cohort study (retrospective) 69.3 (NA) 85.9% >3/4 ETI + PGA PGA PLA 49/30/32 18/12/17 36.7%/40.0%/53.1% 4.8 ± 7.8 3.5 ± 6.7 5.2 ± 7.9 1/0/0 ESD 44
Zhou 2021 China Cohort study (prospective) 65.2 (NA) 67.9% >2/3 BT ETI PLA 26/16/36 7/7/30 26.9%/43.8%/83.3% 1.19 (0–12) 1.31 (0–9) 3.14 (0–16) 1/1/4 ESD 12
>3/4 BT ETI PLA 17/12/27 7/7/25 41.2%/58.3%/83.3% NA
Zhang 2022 China RCT 65 (41–85) 77.8% >3/4 OHA ETI + OS 32/31 3/11 9.4%/35.5% 2 (2–2) 2 (1–4) 8/6 ESD 15 (median)

BT, botulinum toxin; EBD, endoscopic balloon dilatation; ETI, endoscopic triamcinolone injection; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; NA, not available; OS, oral steroid; OT, oral tranilast; OHA, oral hydrocortisone sodium succinate and aluminum phosphate gel; PEBD, preemptive endoscopic balloon dilatation; PGA, polyglycolic acid; PLA, placebo/no treatment; RCT, randomized clinical trial; ST, stent.