Table 1.
Feature of included studies.
| Publication | Country | Design | Age (range) | Proportion of male (%) | Mucosal defect circumference | Intervention | Control | Case number (protocol:control) | Stricture number (protocol:control) | Outcome | Treatment | Follow-up time (month) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protocol 1 | Protocol 2 | Incidence of stricture (protocol:control) | EBD number (protocol:control) | Complication number (protocol:control) | |||||||||||
| Ezoe 2011 | Japan | Cohort study(retrospective) | 62 (42–80) | 95.1% | >3/4 | PEBD | PLA | 29/12 | 17/11 | 58.6%/91.7% | 2.0 (2–20) 4.5 (2–35) | 0/1 | ESD/EMR | 84 (median) | |
| Hashimoto 2011 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 70.9 (49–89) | 87.8% | >3/4 | ETI | PLA | 21/20 | 4/15 | 19.0%/75.0% | 1.7 (0–15) 6.6 (0–20) | 0/0 | ESD | 24 | |
| Yamaguchi 2011 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 68.4 (51–82) | 85.4% | >3/4 | OS | PEBD | 19/22 | 1/7 | 5.3%/31.8% | 1.7 (0–7) 6.8 (0–32) | 0/1 | ESD | 12 (median) | |
| Uno 2012 | Japan | RCT | 68.4 (NA) | 93.5% | >3/4 | OT + PEBD | PEBD | 15/16 | 5/11 | 33.3%/68.8% | 0 (0–1.75) 4.0 (0–6.5) | 0/1 | ESD | 26 (median) | |
| Hanaoka 2012 | Japan | Cohort study (prospective) | 65.5 (NA) | 89.8% | >3/4 | ETI | PLA | 30/29 | 3/19 | 10.0%/65.5% | 0 (0–2) 2 (2–15) | 2/0 | ESD | 2 | |
| Kataoka 2014 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 69.3 (57–85) | 78.8% | >3/4 | OS | PLA | 17/16 | 3/11 | 17.6%/68.7% | 4.6 (2–10) 8.1 (1–18) | 0/0 | ESD | 12 (median) | |
| Wen 2014 | China | RCT | 61.4 (NA) | 59.1% | >3/4 | ST | PLA | 11/11 | 2/8 | 18.2%/78.7% | 0.9 ± 0.9 5.7 ± 5.3 | 2/0 | ESD | 3 | |
| Takahashi 2015 | Japan | RCT | 70.5 (48–89) | 78.8% | >3/4 | ETI | PLA | 16/16 | 10/14 | 62.5%/87.5% | 6.1 ± 6.2 12.5 ± 10.1 | 0/0 | ESD | 16 | |
| Nagami 2015 | Japan | Case–control | 69.5 (NA) | 82.1% | >2/3 | ETI | PLA | 28/28 | 3/10 | 10.7%/35.7% | NA | 0/0 | ESD | NA | |
| >3/4 | ETI | PLA | 17/19 | 2/10 | 11.8%/52.6% | NA | |||||||||
| Kadota 2016 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 70 (NA) | 86.1% | >3/4 | ETI + OS | ETI | PLA | 29/53/33 | 12/23/22 | 41.4%/43.4%/66.7% | 5.5 (4–8.3) 6.0 (4.5–10.5) 12.5 (7.5–16) | 1/2/0 | ESD/EMR | 12 |
| Wen 2016 | China | RCT | 60.9 (NA) | 68.7% | >1/2 | BT | PLA | 33/34 | 2/11 | 6.1%/32.4% | 1.5 (0–2) 2.8 (0–5) | 0/0 | ESD | 3 | |
| >3/4 | BT | PLA | 8/11 | 2/7 | 25.0%/63.6% | NA | 0/0 | ESD | 3 | ||||||
| Tsujii 2017 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 71 (52–83) | 97.4% | >3/4 | ETI | PLA | 28/10 | 12/9 | 42.9%/90.0% | 8 (1–186) 5 (2–12) | 5/1 | ESD | 2 | |
| Zhou 2017 | China | Cohort study (retrospective) | 66.4 (NA) | 65.2% | >3/4 | OS | PLA | 13/10 | 3/8 | 23.1%/80.0% | 0.69 (0–3) 13.5 (0–28) | 0/0 | ESD | 12 | |
| Iizuka 2017 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 67.9 (NA) | 78.6% | >2/1 | PGA | ETI | 33/29 | 3/3 | 9.1%/10.3% | 0.057 ± 0.24 1.9 ± 5.1 | 1/0 | ESD | 1.5 | |
| >3/4 | PGA | ETI | 16/12 | 3/1 | 18.6%/8.3% | NA | |||||||||
| Chai 2018 | China | RCT | 61.3 (NA) | 60.6% | >3/4 | PGA + ST | ST | 34/32 | 7/15 | 20.5%/46.7% | 4 (2–5) 6 (1–14) | NA | ESD | 2 | |
| Pih 2019 | Korea | Cohort study (retrospective) | 66 (NA) | 96.2% | >3/4 | OS | ETI | PLA | 25/6/22 | 5/2/11 | 20.0%/33.3%/50.0% | NA | NA | ESD | 20 (median) |
| Chu 2019 | China | Cohort study (retrospective) | 64.3 (46–80) | 65.7% | >2/3 | ETI + OS | PLA | 34/36 | 5/19 | 14.7%/51.5% | 0.2 ± 0.6 3.3 ± 5.4 | 1/1 | ESD | 28 (median) | |
| >3/4 | ETI + OS | PLA | 11/18 | 2/15 | 18.2%/83.3% | 0.4 ± 1.0 6.1 ± 6.5 | |||||||||
| Yang 2019 | China | Cohort study (prospective) | 62.8 (NA) | 66.7% | >3/4 | PGA + ST | ST | 38/37 | 5/13 | 13.2%/35.1% | 4.4 ± 0.9 5.8 ± 2.9 | NA | ESD | 2 | |
| Nie 2019 | China | Cohort study (retrospective) | 66.6 (NA) | 88.9% | >3/4 | OHA | ETI + OS | 14/13 | 1/7 | 7.1%/53.8% | 0 0.5 (0–1) | 9/9 | ESD | 2 | |
| Hashimoto 2019 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 71.5 (49–90) | 86.2% | >3/4 | ETI | PLA | 35/23 | 16/17 | 45.7%/73.9% | 0 (0–7) 4 (0–20) | 2/1 | ESD | 12 | |
| Sakaguchi 2020 | Japan | Cohort study (retrospective) | 69.3 (NA) | 85.9% | >3/4 | ETI + PGA | PGA | PLA | 49/30/32 | 18/12/17 | 36.7%/40.0%/53.1% | 4.8 ± 7.8 3.5 ± 6.7 5.2 ± 7.9 | 1/0/0 | ESD | 44 |
| Zhou 2021 | China | Cohort study (prospective) | 65.2 (NA) | 67.9% | >2/3 | BT | ETI | PLA | 26/16/36 | 7/7/30 | 26.9%/43.8%/83.3% | 1.19 (0–12) 1.31 (0–9) 3.14 (0–16) | 1/1/4 | ESD | 12 |
| >3/4 | BT | ETI | PLA | 17/12/27 | 7/7/25 | 41.2%/58.3%/83.3% | NA | ||||||||
| Zhang 2022 | China | RCT | 65 (41–85) | 77.8% | >3/4 | OHA | ETI + OS | 32/31 | 3/11 | 9.4%/35.5% | 2 (2–2) 2 (1–4) | 8/6 | ESD | 15 (median) | |
BT, botulinum toxin; EBD, endoscopic balloon dilatation; ETI, endoscopic triamcinolone injection; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; NA, not available; OS, oral steroid; OT, oral tranilast; OHA, oral hydrocortisone sodium succinate and aluminum phosphate gel; PEBD, preemptive endoscopic balloon dilatation; PGA, polyglycolic acid; PLA, placebo/no treatment; RCT, randomized clinical trial; ST, stent.