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. 2025 Jan 24;111(3):2385–2397. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002260

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

National age-standardized prevalence in 2021 (A), global Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by age and sex in 2021 (B), and regional DALY rates by sociodemographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2021 (C). (B) Bars represent DALYs, and lines depict age-standardized DALYs per 100 000 population. Error bars and dashed lines indicate the 95% uncertainty intervals. DALYs: Disability-adjusted life years; SDI: Socio-demographic index (c). The 31 points represent each region’s annual age-standardized DALY rates from 1990 to 2021. A solid line illustrates expected values based on sociodemographic indices and disease rates across all regions during this period. Regions plotted above the line have a higher-than-expected disease burden (e.g., Oceania), while those below the line have a lower-than-expected burden (e.g., Andean Latin America). DALYs: Disability-adjusted life years.