Table 3.
Comparison of RLPN-OS and several preoperative lung nodule localization methods in terms of success rates, complications, and costs
| Localization technique | Study | Sample size | Success rates | Complications | Required equipment and costs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pneumothorax | Hemorrhage | |||||
| Hook-wire | Li et al. 2015[18] | 46 | 93% | 37% | 21% | Hook-wire and CT scanning, Inexpensive, about 1000 RMB |
| Ichinose et al. 2013[19] | 417 | 100% | 68% | 10.00% | ||
| Iguchi et al. 2015[20] | 11 | 91% | 55% | 36% | ||
| Suzuki et al. 2014[21] | 161 | 98% | 38% | 35.00% | ||
| Seo et al. 2012[22] | 174 | 95% | 40% | 36% | ||
| Huang et al. 2014[23] | 41 | 95% | 13% | 5.20% | ||
| Microcoil | Liu et al. 2014[24] | 23 | 100% | 9% | 18% | Microcoil and CT scanning, Inexpensive, about 1000 RMB |
| Finley et al. 2015[6] | 29 | 93% | 14% | 0 | ||
| Su et al. 2015[25] | 101 | 98% | 16% | 17% | ||
| Sui et al. 2015[26] | 98 | 100% | 13% | 4% | ||
| Methylene blue | Zhou et al. 2020[27] | 129 | 95% | 10% | 3% | Methylene blue and CT scanning, Inexpensive, about 800 RMB |
| Sun et al. 2020[28] | 47 | 98% | 4% | - | ||
| Zhang et al. 2022[29] | 32 | 100% | 10% | 10% | ||
| Lipiodol | Kawanaka et al. 2009[30] | 107 | 100% | 31% | 15% | Lipiodol, CT scanning and detection devices, about 1500 RMB |
| Kim et al. 2011[31] | 68 | 99% | 29% | 7% | ||
| Miura et al. 2015[32] | 103 | 100% | 61% | 35% | ||
| Mogi et al. 2015[33] | 56 | 98% | 38% | 16% | ||
| ENB | Kuo et al. 2019[34] | 15 | 100% | 7% | 20% | Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy system, Expensive, about 10 000 RMB |
| Zhang et al. 2021[35] | 181 | 98% | 0% | 0% | ||
| Yang et al. 2021[36] | 12 | 100% | 0% | 0% | ||
| RAB | Liu et al. 2023[11] | 33 | 100% | 0% | 0% | Robot-assisted bronchoscopy system, expensive, about 30 000 RMB |
| RLPN-OS | - | 78 | 99% | 0% | 2.60% | Inexpensive needles and free locator ruler for almost 0 cost |
ENB, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy; RAB, robot-assisted bronchoscopy.