Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations between focal variables.
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
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| 1. Affective polarization toward politicians | |||||||||||
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| 2. Affective polarization toward partisans | .788*** | ||||||||||
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| 3. Personal economic concerns | –.073*** | –.023 | |||||||||
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| 4. Personal economic hardship | –.056** | –.012 | .603*** | ||||||||
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| 5. Satisfaction with Spanish economy | .066** | –.005 | –.278*** | –.312*** | |||||||
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| 6. Perceived unfairness of wealth distribution | .084*** | .133*** | .122*** | .196*** | –.203*** | ||||||
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| 7. Regional identity | .125*** | .106*** | –.056** | –.041* | .064** | .096*** | |||||
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| 8. National identity | .072*** | –.034 | –.016 | –.041* | .193*** | –.180*** | .291*** | ||||
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| 9. European identity | .103*** | .024 | –.135*** | –.157*** | .274*** | –.129*** | .382*** | .495*** | |||
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| 10. Partisan identity | .504*** | .487*** | –.014 | 0 | .101*** | .067*** | .147*** | .002 | .099*** | ||
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| 11. Political ideology | –.145*** | –.211*** | –.036 | –.074*** | .082*** | –.415*** | –.021 | .369*** | .165*** | –.126*** | |
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| Mean | 0.41 | 0.36 | 1.36 | 2.01 | 3.6 | 8 | 7.32 | 6.78 | 6.47 | 0.5 | 4.02 |
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| SD | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 1.94 | 2.11 | 2.46 | 2.95 | 2.44 | 0.43 | 2.35 |
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| Range | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–3 | 1–4 | 0–10 | 0–10 | 0–10 | 0–10 | 0–10 | 0–1 | 0–10 |
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Note: *** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05; Pearson correlations with covariates are included in the supplemental material, Section 1.