. 2025 Aug 19;13:e19821. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19821

Table 1. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity of Aloysia citrodora leaf extracts obtained using the ultrasound process.

Treatment	Independent variables			Response variables
	T (°C)	R	A	Total phenolics (mg GAE/g)	Total flavonoids (mg QE/g)	OH ^• IC50 (mg/mL)	DPPH ^• IC50 (µg/mL)	ABTS ^•+ IC50 (µg/mL)
T3R2A2	75	1:10	25	133 ± 3.1^A	86 ± 1.6^BCD	0.75 ± 0.01^MN	480 ± 0.4^FGH	10.3 ± 0.01^NO
T3R3A1	75	1:15	20	93 ± 8.8^B	94 ± 8.3^AB	0.86 ± 0.01^LMN	43 ± 0.6^FGH	10.6 ± 0.01^MNO
T3R3A2	75	1:15	25	88 ± 17.6^B	77 ± 6.2^E	0.72 ± 0.01^N	35 ± 0.5^FGH	9.1 ± 0.08^O
T2R3A3	50	1:15	35	80 ± 13.9^BC	99 ± 3.1^A	1.21 ± 0.01^KLM	97 ± 1.9^EFGH	15.1 ± 0.18^L
T3R1A3	75	1:5	35	69 ± 4.0^CD	58 ± 0.7^F	3.19 ± 0.06^C	162 ± 3.2^CDEFGH	37.3 ± 0.15^H
T2R3A1	50	1:15	20	68 ± 3.4^CD	93 ± 2.0^ABC	0.96 ± 0.01^LMN	106 ± 2.1^EFGH	13.1 ± 0.51^LMN
T2R2A1	50	1:10	20	67 ± 4.7^CD	84 ± 3.5^CDE	1.97 ± 0.06^FGHI	117 ± 5.1^DEFGH	11.5 ± 0.51^MNO
T3R3A3	75	1:15	35	67 ± 7.2^CD	94 ± 2.8^AB	1.29 ± 0.01^JKL	650 ± 0.9^EFGH	13.7 ± 0.05^LM
T2R2A2	50	1:10	25	66 ± 4.1^CD	9 ± 6.1^JK	0.88 ± 0.01^LMN	124 ± 12.0^DEFGH	14.9 ± 0.18^L
T2R1A3	50	1:5	35	61 ± 1.4^DE	91 ± 4.3^ABCD	2.04 ± 0.62^FGH	115 ± 3.3^EFGH	37.2 ± 1.49^H
T2R1A2	50	1:5	25	59 ± 2.8^DEF	83 ± 1.3^DE	1.89 ± 0.03^GHI	103 ± 3.4^EFGH	29.8 ± 0.40^I
T2R1A1	50	1:5	20	56 ± 1.8^DEFG	60 ± 1.3^F	2.38 ± 0.06^DEF	124 ± 2.4^DEFGH	40.6 ± 0.15^EFG
T1R2A3	30	1:10	35	56 ± 3.9^DEFG	64 ± 1.3^F	0.90 ± 0.01^LMN	97 ± 11.0^EFGH	10.9 ± 0.16^MNO
T1R2A2	30	1:10	25	53 ± 0.7^DEFGH	37 ± 2.3^GH	1.98 ± 0.02^FGHI	108 ± 1.1^EFGH	28.8 ± 0.67^IJ
T3R2A3	75	1:10	35	49 ± 1.9^EFGH	62 ± 2.5^F	1.69 ± 0.01^HIJ	99 ± 3.6^EFGH	18.9 ± 0.18^K
T2R3A2	50	1:15	25	45 ± 2.3^EFGH	76 ± 2.6^E	1.23 ± 0.01^JKL	96 ± 4.1^EFGH	14.6 ± 0.02^L
T1R1A3	30	1:5	35	45 ± 0.9^EFGH	13 ± 1.1^J	1.54 ± 0.08^IJK	198 ± 0.6^CDEF	31.8 ± 0.09^I
T1R1A1	30	1:5	20	43 ± 4.4^FGH	32 ± 1.6^HI	2.17 ± 0.08^EFG	310 ± 6.1^BC	41.0 ± 0.84^DEF
T3R2A1	75	1:10	20	41 ± 0.5^GH	26 ± 1.6^I	2.66 ± 0.02^D	175 ± 1.5^CDEFGH	38.4 ± 0.64^FGH
T3R1A1	75	1:5	20	40 ± 2.0^GH	25 ± 0.1^I	3.46 ± 0.01^BC	182 ± 0.5^CDEFG	44.2 ± 0.60^CD
T2R2A3	50	1:10	35	40 ± 2.9^GH	44 ± 1.8^G	2.31 ± 0.02^DEFG	293 ± 23.5^BCD	26.4 ± 0.61^J
T3R1A2	75	1:5	25	40 ± 2.4^GH	24 ± 2.5^I	3.22 ± 0.28^C	161 ± 5.4^CDEFGH	37.6 ± 0.40^GH
T1R1A2	30	1:5	25	38 ± 1.9^H	7 ± 1.4^JK	1.87 ± 0.02^GHI	226 ± 3.7^CDE	46.1 ± 0.22^C
T1R2A1	30	1:10	20	21 ± 0.9^I	11 ± 0.8^JK	2.58 ± 0.01^DE	412 ± 9.7^B	63.1 ± 0.27^B
T1R3A2	30	1:15	25	21 ± 1.0^I	25 ± 0.2^I	2.70 ± 0.02^D	459 ± 61.5^B	37.6 ± 0.77^GH
T1R3A3	30	1:15	35	15 ± 1.5^IJ	11 ± 1.0^JK	3.90 ± 0.03^B	232 ± 7.5^CDE	42.4 ± 1.63^DE
T1R3A1	30	1:15	20	3 ± 2.1^J	8 ± 0.8^JK	12.23 ± 0.29^A	1,790 ± 291.0^A	81.6 ± 4.41^A
Oligopin				11 ± 0.4^IJ	26 ± 2.1^K	1.04 ± 0.04^LMN	–	–
Gallic acid						–	2.35 ± 0.09^H	0.91 ± 0.02^P
Ascorbic acid						–	8.25 ± 0.18^GH	–
Trolox						–	–	0.12 ± 0.07^P

Notes.

T: Temperature
R: Ratio leaf extract/water
A: Amplitude

Different letters (A, B, C, D, etc.) in the same column indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 (ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test) n = 3.

IC50, half of the maximum effective concentration.