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. 2025 Aug 18;19:7089–7098. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S528786

Table 3.

Histopathological Findings of Testicular Tissue [Mean ± SE]

Group C
(n = 6)
Group IR
(n = 6)
Group IR+RO
(n = 6)
Group IR+ITO
(n = 6)
Group IR+IPO
(n = 6)
P**
Cosentino 1.17±0.17 2.67±0.21* 1.50±0.22& 1.33±0.21& 1.33±0.21& <0.001
Degenerated intratubuler germinal epithelial cells 0.33±0.21 1.50±0.22* 0.83±0.33 0.50±0.22& 0.50±0.22& 0.016
Interstitial edema /peritubuler congestion 0.17±0.17 1.17±0.31* 0.50±0.22 0.33±0.21& 0.33±0.21& 0.041
Vacuolation of tubular epithelium of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells 0.33±0.21 1.33±0.21* 0.50±0.22& 0.33±0.21& 0.67±0.21& 0.015
Buckled basement membrane thickening (deformed-malformed) 0.17±0.17 1.33±0.21* 0.67±0.33 0.50±0.22& 0.50±0.22& 0.027
Mononuclear cell infiltrations (MNL inflammation) 0.33±0.21 1.00±0.00 0.50±0.34 0.33±0.21 0.50±0.22 0.242

Notes: p**Significance level with the ANOVA test; p < 0.05. *p < 0.05: compared to the C group; &p < 0.05: compared to the IR group.

Abbreviations: C group, control group; IR group, ischemia-reperfusion group; IR+RO group, ischemia-reperfusion rectal ozone group; IR+ITO group, ischemia-reperfusion intrathecal ozone group; IR+IPO group, ischemia-reperfusion intraperitoneal ozone group.