Figure 2.

The miRNAs by regulating apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. The figure is divided into two sections: The lower box displays miRNAs with pro-apoptotic functions that increase apoptosis by targeting and suppressing anti-apoptotic mRNAs. miR-223 and miR-155 exhibit anti-apoptotic effects through different mechanisms: miR-223 activates the Nrf2 pathway, while miR-155 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indirectly promoting apoptosis. On the other hand, the upper box presents miRNAs with anti-apoptotic effects, which primarily function by suppressing pro-apoptotic target mRNAs.