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. 2025 Aug 18;18:11217–11244. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S541159

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© 2025 Wu et al.

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MSC-derived exosomal miRNAs mitigate apoptosis, contributing to the potential treatment of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. MSC-derived exosome contain anti-apoptotic miRNAs that by targeting pro-apoptotic mRNAs suppress apoptosis, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These findings highlights stem cell–derived exosome-mediated therapeutic potential in mitigating cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.