Table 1.

An Overview on Major Apoptosis-Related ncRNAs in Heart Failure and Cardiac Fibrosis

ncRNAs	Name	Pathological Characteristic	Target	Expression Levels	Influence on Apoptosis	Ref.
miRNAs	miR-133b	Cardiac fibrosis	PTBP1, TAGLN2	↓	Inhibiting role	[45]
	miR-25	Cardiac fibrosis	HMGB1	↓	Inhibiting role	[46]
	miR-26a	Cardiac fibrosis	ATM	↓	Inhibiting role	[47]
	miR-20a-5p	Cardiac fibrosis	ROCK2	↓	Inhibiting role	[48]
	miR-7a/b	Cardiac fibrosis	Sp1	↓	Inhibiting role	[49]
	miR-142-3p	Cardiac fibrosis	HMGB1	↓	Inhibiting role	[50]
	MiR-101a	Cardiac fibrosis	TGFbr1	↓	Inhibiting role	[51]
	miR-155	Cardiac fibrosis	–	↑	Promoting role	[52]
	miR-223	Cardiac fibrosis	–	↑	Promoting role	[53]
	miR-153-3p	Cardiac fibrosis	βII spectrin	↑	Promoting role	[54]
	miR-34a	Cardiac fibrosis	Smad4	↑	Promoting role	[57]
	miR-32-5p	Cardiac fibrosis	DUSP1	↑	Promoting role	[58]
	miR-214	Cardiac fibrosis	p53, PTEN	↑	Promoting role	[59]
	miR-454	Heart failure	NEDD4-2	↓	Inhibiting role	[60]
	miR-186	Heart failure	AIF	↓	Inhibiting role	[61]
	miR-183-5p	Heart failure	CHOP	↓	Inhibiting role	[62]
	miR-144-3p	Heart failure	SOCS2	↓	Inhibiting role	[63]
	miR-19b-1	Heart failure	Bcl2l11/BIM	↓	Inhibiting role	[64]
	miR-181c	Heart failure	–	↓	Inhibiting role	[65]
	miR-568	Heart failure	SMURF2	↓	Inhibiting role	[66]
	miR-499-5p	Heart failure	p21	↓	Inhibiting role	[67]
	miR-487b	Heart failure	IL-33	↓	Inhibiting role	[68]
	miR-125b	Heart failure	BAK1	↓	Inhibiting role	[70]
	miR-590-5p	Heart failure	RTN4	↓	Inhibiting role	[71]
	miR-18a	Heart failure	ADRB3	↓	Inhibiting role	[72]
	miR-24-3p	Heart failure	Sp1	↑	Promoting role	[73]
	miR-147b	Heart failure	KLF13	↑	Promoting role	[74]
	miR-122	Heart failure	Hand2	↑	Promoting role	[75]
	miR-138-5p	Heart failure	SIRT1	↑	Promoting role	[76]
	miR-30a-5p	Heart failure	SIRT1	↑	Promoting role	[77]
	miR-423-5p	Heart failure	OGT	↑	Promoting role	[78]
	miR-155	Heart failure	HIF-1α	↓	Inhibiting role	[79]
		Heart failure	BDNF	↑	Promoting role	[80]
LncRNAs	lncRNA FGD5-AS1	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-223-3p	↓	Inhibiting role	[83]
	LncRNA GAS5	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-26a/b-5p	↑	Promoting role	[84]
	LncRNA SNHG4	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-148b-3p	↓	Inhibiting role	[85]
	LncRNA SNHG20	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-335	↑	Promoting role	[86]
	TUG1	Heart failure	miR-129-5p	↑	Promoting role	[91]
	LUCAT1	Heart failure	miR-612	↓	Inhibiting role	[92]
	SOX2-OT	Heart failure	miR-455-3p	↑	Promoting role	[95]
		Heart failure	miR-215-5p	↑	Promoting role	[96]
	RMST	Heart failure	miR-10b-5p	↑	Promoting role	[97]
	LncRNA-NOS2P3	Heart failure	miR-939-5p	-	Inhibiting role	[93]
Circular RNA	CircARAP1	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-379-5p	↑	Promoting role	[87]
	Circ_BMP2K	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-455-3p	↓	Promoting role	[88]
	CircCELF1	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-636	↓	Promoting role	[90]
	circ_LAS1L	Cardiac fibrosis	miR-125b	↓	Promoting role	[98]
	CircSnap47-	Heart failure	miR-233-3p	↑	Promoting role	[94]
	circ_0040414	Heart failure	miR-186-5p	↑	Promoting role	[99]
	CDR1as	Heart failure	miR-135a and miR-135b	↑	Promoting role	[100]

Notes: ↑ indicates an increase; ↓ indicates a decrease.