Table 1.
MR Results of Causal Effects of MMPs on Cervical Lesions
| Exposure | Outcome | Methods | N. SNPs | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMP-1 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 19 | 0.9888 (0.8651–1.1302) | 0.8691 |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.9302 (0.7453–1.1608) | 0.5303 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.8792 (0.7370–1.0489) | 0.1527 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 0.8872 (0.7408–1.0626) | 0.2100 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 19 | 0.9956 (0.8137–1.2181) | 0.9656 | |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.9505 (0.6805–1.3275) | 0.7694 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.9912 (0.7670–1.2809) | 0.9459 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 1.0092 (0.7911–1.2873) | 0.9423 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 10 | 1.0002 (0.9996–1.0008) | 0.4662 | |
| MR Egger | 10 | 1.0010 (1.0001–1.0019) | 0.0693 | ||
| Weighted median | 10 | 1.0004 (0.9998–1.0011) | 0.1871 | ||
| Weighted mode | 10 | 1.0005 (0.9999–1.0012) | 0.1406 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 19 | 0.8883 (0.6555–1.2037) | 0.4448 | |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.8248 (0.4922–1.3822) | 0.4747 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.8124 (0.5567–1.1857) | 0.2815 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 0.7706 (0.5168–1.1491) | 0.2174 | ||
| MMP-2 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 7 | 1.0107 (0.8776–1.1638) | 0.8830 |
| MR Egger | 7 | 0.8676 (0.5830–1.2912) | 0.5151 | ||
| Weighted median | 7 | 1.0170 (0.8605–1.2019) | 0.8433 | ||
| Weighted mode | 7 | 0.8627 (0.6361–1.1699) | 0.3787 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 7 | 0.9897 (0.828 0–1.1829) | 0.9091 | |
| MR Egger | 7 | 0.9790 (0.5970–1.6057) | 0.9364 | ||
| Weighted median | 7 | 1.0186 (0.8212–1.2635) | 0.8668 | ||
| Weighted mode | 7 | 1.0192 (0.7659–1.3563) | 0.9004 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 4 | 0.9998 (0.9990–1.0005) | 0.5695 | |
| MR Egger | 4 | 0.9957 (0.9868–1.0046) | 0.4442 | ||
| Weighted median | 4 | 0.9999 (0.9991–1.0007) | 0.8123 | ||
| Weighted mode | 4 | 1.0000 (0.9989–1.0011) | 0.9702 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 7 | 0.9019 (0.6721–1.2104) | 0.4916 | |
| MR Egger | 7 | 1.6548 (0.7891–3.4704) | 0.24 | ||
| Weighted median | 7 | 0.8828 (0.6102–1.2770) | 0.508 | ||
| Weighted mode | 7 | 0.8293 (0.4611–1.4916) | 0.5551 | ||
| MMP-3 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 13 | 1.1335 (0.9828–1.3074) | 0.0852 |
| MR Egger | 13 | 1.0907 (0.8688–1.3692) | 0.47 | ||
| Weighted median | 13 | 1.1031 (0.9383–1.2968) | 0.2346 | ||
| Weighted mode | 13 | 1.1136 (0.9551–1.2984) | 0.1947 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 13 | 1.1931 (0.9494–1.4994) | 0.1299 | |
| MR Egger | 13 | 1.2338 (0.8545–1.7813) | 0.2862 | ||
| Weighted median | 13 | 1.1365 (0.8665–1.4906) | 0.3553 | ||
| Weighted mode | 13 | 1.1355 (0.8831–1.4602) | 0.3414 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 8 | 0.9993 (0.9987–0.9999) | 0.0248 | |
| MR Egger | 8 | 0.9993 (0.9984–1.0002) | 0.1557 | ||
| Weighted median | 8 | 0.9994 (0.9987–1.0000) | 0.0529 | ||
| Weighted mode | 8 | 0.9994 (0.9987–1.0000) | 0.0912 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 13 | 1.0559 (0.7512–1.4842) | 0.7543 | |
| MR Egger | 13 | 1.2763 (0.7539–2.1607) | 0.3832 | ||
| Weighted median | 13 | 1.2639 (0.8746–1.8264) | 0.2125 | ||
| Weighted mode | 13 | 1.3033 (0.9217–1.8430) | 0.1598 | ||
| MMP-7 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 15 | 1.0257 (0.8351–1.2599) | 0.8086 |
| MR Egger | 15 | 0.8206 (0.6332–1.0635) | 0.1589 | ||
| Weighted median | 15 | 0.9019 (0.7255–1.1211) | 0.3522 | ||
| Weighted mode | 15 | 0.8466 (0.6715–1.0674) | 0.1808 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 15 | 1.0172 (0.7934–1.3041) | 0.8932 | |
| MR Egger | 15 | 0.9432 (0.6582–1.3515) | 0.755 | ||
| Weighted median | 15 | 1.0251 (0.7533–1.3950) | 0.8747 | ||
| Weighted mode | 15 | 1.0368 (0.7507–1.4319) | 0.8297 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 7 | 0.9985 (0.9965–1.0006) | 0.1675 | |
| MR Egger | 7 | 0.9970 (0.9893–1.0047) | 0.4798 | ||
| Weighted median | 7 | 0.9988 (0.9969–1.0006) | 0.1936 | ||
| Weighted mode | 7 | 0.9989 (0.9964–1.0014) | 0.4265 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 15 | 0.6131 (0.3939–0.9545) | 0.0303 | |
| MR Egger | 15 | 0.6445 (0.3317–1.2525) | 0.2176 | ||
| Weighted median | 15 | 0.6464 (0.4026–1.0376) | 0.0708 | ||
| Weighted mode | 15 | 0.6579 (0.4105–1.0545) | 0.1039 | ||
| MMP-9 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 10 | 1.1081 (1.0025–1.2248) | 0.0446 |
| MR Egger | 10 | 1.1720 (0.9333–1.4719) | 0.2092 | ||
| Weighted median | 10 | 1.1155 (0.9795–1.2703) | 0.0994 | ||
| Weighted mode | 10 | 1.1877 (0.9883–1.4273) | 0.0998 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 10 | 0.9786 (0.8541–1.1214) | 0.7557 | |
| MR Egger | 10 | 1.1287 (0.8389–1.5187) | 0.447 | ||
| Weighted median | 10 | 0.9971 (0.8281–1.2005) | 0.9754 | ||
| Weighted mode | 10 | 1.0384 (0.8218–1.3120) | 0.7595 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 10 | 1.1912 (0.9712–1.4611) | 0.0931 | |
| MR Egger | 10 | 1.1636 (0.7451–1.8171) | 0.5241 | ||
| Weighted median | 10 | 1.2150 (0.9216–1.6018) | 0.1673 | ||
| Weighted mode | 10 | 1.2150 (0.8922–1.6546) | 0.2478 | ||
| MMP-10 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 19 | 1.0353 (0.8820–1.2153) | 0.6715 |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.9294 (0.7170–1.2048) | 0.5876 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 1.0807 (0.8603–1.3576) | 0.5047 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 1.0782 (0.8115–1.4325) | 0.6099 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 19 | 0.9346 (0.6844–1.2761) | 0.6702 | |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.9093 (0.5429–1.5228) | 0.7222 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.9134 (0.6419–1.2998) | 0.6149 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 0.8090 (0.5624–1.1636) | 0.2681 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 6 | 1.0005 (0.9988–1.0023) | 0.5743 | |
| MR Egger | 6 | 1.0017 (0.9952–1.0082) | 0.6425 | ||
| Weighted median | 6 | 1.0009 (0.9992–1.0026) | 0.3137 | ||
| Weighted mode | 6 | 1.0014 (0.9995–1.0033) | 0.2153 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 19 | 1.0157 (0.6507–1.5856) | 0.9453 | |
| MR Egger | 19 | 1.6499 (0.8299–3.2801) | 0.1714 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.9271 (0.5062–1.6981) | 0.8063 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 1.0162 (0.5252–1.9659) | 0.9626 | ||
| MMP-12 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 19 | 0.9943 (0.8852–1.1169) | 0.9236 |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.9365 (0.7854–1.1167) | 0.4751 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.9820 (0.8502–1.1343) | 0.8053 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 0.9758 (0.8474–1.1236) | 0.7375 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 19 | 0.8354 (0.7010–0.9955) | 0.0444 | |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.7988 (0.6126–1.0417) | 0.1156 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.8330 (0.6664–1.0414) | 0.1087 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 0.8245 (0.6683–1.0173) | 0.0886 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 7 | 0.9993 (0.9979–1.0006) | 0.2952 | |
| MR Egger | 7 | 0.9982 (0.9949–1.0015) | 0.323 | ||
| Weighted median | 7 | 0.9987 (0.9971–1.0002) | 0.0889 | ||
| Weighted mode | 7 | 0.9988 (0.9971–1.0005) | 0.2118 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 19 | 0.6836 (0.5211–0.8968) | 0.0060 | |
| MR Egger | 19 | 0.6207 (0.4085–0.9429) | 0.0391 | ||
| Weighted median | 19 | 0.7023 (0.5110–0.9651) | 0.0293 | ||
| Weighted mode | 19 | 0.6935 (0.5050–0.9525) | 0.0364 | ||
| MMP-14 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 18 | 1.0730 (0.9277–1.2410) | 0.3427 |
| MR Egger | 18 | 0.9862 (0.7533–1.2913) | 0.9210 | ||
| Weighted median | 18 | 1.0515 (0.8599–1.2858) | 0.6245 | ||
| Weighted mode | 18 | 1.0075 (0.7789–1.3032) | 0.9555 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 18 | 1.0678 (0.8568–1.3307) | 0.5594 | |
| MR Egger | 18 | 1.2239 (0.8134–1.8416) | 0.3469 | ||
| Weighted median | 18 | 1.0726 (0.8049–1.4293) | 0.6323 | ||
| Weighted mode | 18 | 1.0943 (0.7439–1.6096) | 0.653 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 4 | 0.9997 (0.9982–1.0012) | 0.6823 | |
| MR Egger | 4 | 0.9866 (0.9747–0.9986) | 0.1601 | ||
| Weighted median | 4 | 1.0001 (0.9988–1.0014) | 0.9103 | ||
| Weighted mode | 4 | 1.0004 (0.9986–1.0022) | 0.7242 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 18 | 0.8323 (0.5976–1.1592) | 0.2775 | |
| MR Egger | 18 | 0.7916 (0.4256–1.4721) | 0.4709 | ||
| Weighted median | 18 | 0.8061 (0.5162–1.2588) | 0.3432 | ||
| Weighted mode | 18 | 0.7504 (0.4004–1.4061) | 0.3826 | ||
| MMP-16 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 14 | 1.1068 (0.9561–1.2812) | 0.1743 |
| MR Egger | 14 | 0.9309 (0.6669–1.2995) | 0.6814 | ||
| Weighted median | 14 | 1.0037 (0.8228–1.2243) | 0.9710 | ||
| Weighted mode | 14 | 0.8981 (0.6560–1.2295) | 0.5141 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 14 | 0.9499 (0.7753–1.1639) | 0.6201 | |
| MR Egger | 14 | 0.9313 (0.5839–1.4852) | 0.7700 | ||
| Weighted median | 14 | 0.9960 (0.7461–1.3296) | 0.9783 | ||
| Weighted mode | 14 | 1.0803 (0.6899–1.6917) | 0.7411 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 3 | 1.0000 (0.9988–1.0012) | 0.9834 | |
| MR Egger | 3 | 1.0004 (0.9756–1.0260) | 0.9779 | ||
| Weighted median | 3 | 1.0001 (0.9987–1.0014) | 0.9304 | ||
| Weighted mode | 3 | 1.0001 (0.9986–1.0016) | 0.9170 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 14 | 1.0473 (0.7571–1.4488) | 0.7802 | |
| MR Egger | 14 | 0.8538 (0.4006–1.8197) | 0.6896 | ||
| Weighted median | 14 | 1.1485 (0.7578–1.7407) | 0.5139 | ||
| Weighted mode | 14 | 1.1801 (0.6905–2.0169) | 0.5551 | ||
| MMP-17 | Cervical inflammation | IVW | 12 | 0.9881 (0.8708–1.1212) | 0.8525 |
| MR Egger | 12 | 1.0808 (0.8164–1.4309) | 0.5990 | ||
| Weighted median | 12 | 0.9848 (0.8265–1.1734) | 0.8638 | ||
| Weighted mode | 12 | 0.9953 (0.7963–1.2439) | 0.9676 | ||
| Cervical erosion and ectropion | IVW | 12 | 0.9997 (0.8262–1.2096) | 0.9977 | |
| MR Egger | 12 | 1.0178 (0.6620–1.5650) | 0.9374 | ||
| Weighted median | 12 | 0.9521 (0.7337–1.2354) | 0.7117 | ||
| Weighted mode | 12 | 0.9418 (0.7156–1.2396) | 0.6773 | ||
| Cervical precancerous lesions | IVW | 4 | 1.0000 (0.9991–1.0010) | 0.9348 | |
| MR Egger | 4 | 1.0050 (0.9060–1.1147) | 0.9341 | ||
| Weighted median | 4 | 0.9999 (0.9988–1.0010) | 0.8971 | ||
| Weighted mode | 4 | 0.9998 (0.9984–1.0012) | 0.8121 | ||
| Cervical cancer | IVW | 12 | 0.7651 (0.5268–1.1114) | 0.1598 | |
| MR Egger | 12 | 0.8360 (0.3488–2.0036) | 0.6964 | ||
| Weighted median | 12 | 0.8463 (0.5477–1.3077) | 0.4523 | ||
| Weighted mode | 12 | 0.8734 (0.4668–1.6342) | 0.6801 |
Abbreviations: MR, mendelian randomization; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms; N. SNPs, number of SNPs used in MR; IVW, inverse variance weighted; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases.