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. 2025 Aug 18;19:2793–2802. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S530780

Table 3.

Slit Lamp and Funduscopic Findings Present in >1% of Ophthalmic ED Consultations in 2022, Including External Eye, Lid/Lashes, Conjunctiva, Cornea, Anterior Chamber, Iris, Lens, Vitreous, Nerve, Macula, Vessel, and Periphery

External Eye Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Edema 173 (8.65%) 29 (1.45%)
 Laceration 114 (5.69%) 26 (1.30%)
 Ecchymosis 114 (5.69%) 20 (1.00%)
 Abrasion 89 (4.45%) 11 (0.55%)
 Proptosis 27 (1.35%) 3 (0.15%)
 Vesicle 22 (1.10%) 1 (0.05%)
 Any External Eye Findings 394 (19.69%)
Total Exams 2001
Lid/Lashes Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Edema 534 (25.76%) 98 (4.73%)
 Ecchymosis 282 (13.60%) 47 (2.27%)
 Meibomian Gland Dysfunction/Blepharitis 199 (9.60%) 171 (8.25%)
 Laceration 172 (8.30%) 5 (0.24%)
 Ptosis 145 (6.99% 32 (1.54%)
 Dermatochalasis 37 (1.78%) 32 (1.54%)
 Lesion 24 (1.16%) 4 (0.19%)
 Any Lid/Lash Findings 563 (27.16%)
Total Exams 2073
Conjunctiva Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Injection 647 (31.21%) 106 (5.11%)
 Chemosis 306 (14.76%) 54 (2.60%)
 Subconjunctival Hemorrhage 305 (14.71%) 26 (1.25%)
 Laceration 91 (4.39%) 2 (0.10%)
 Papillae / Follicles 31 (1.50%) 16 (0.77%)
 Any Conjunctiva Findings 1171 (56.49%)
Total Exams 2073
Cornea Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Superficial Punctate Epithelial
 Erosions 612 (29.57%) 390 (18.84%)
 Epithelial Defect 226 (10.92%) 24 (1.16%)
 Descemets Fold 114 (5.51%) 6 (0.29%)
 Infiltrate/Ulcer 101 (4.88%) 6 (0.29%)
 Edema 90 (4.35%) 4 (0.19%)
 Keratic Precipitate 69 (3.33%) 17 (0.82%)
 Laceration 65 (3.14%) 1 (0.05%)
 Endothelial pigment 63 (3.04%) 16 (0.77%)
 Neovascularization 59 (2.85%) 7 (0.34%)
 Corneal Thinning 46 (2.22%) 7 (0.34%)
 Pterygium 39 (1.88%) 21 (1.01%)
 Foreign Body 23 (1.11%) 1 (0.05%)
 Any Cornea Findings 977 (47.20%)
Total Exams 2070
Anterior Chamber Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Cell/Hypopyon 166 (8.03%) 55 (2.66%)
  Hypopyon 57 (2.77%) 2 (0.10%)
 Flare 223 (10.78%) 23 (1.11%)
 Hyphema 132 (6.38%) 3 (0.15%)
 Shallow 69 (3.34%) 20 (0.97%)
 Any Anterior Chamber Findings 500 (24.18%)
Total Exams 2068
Iris Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Posterior Synechiae 53 (2.56%) 12 (0.58%)
 Neovascularization 49 (2.37%) 9 (0.43%)
 Misshapen pupil 39 (1.88%) 0 (0.00%)
 Iris Transillumination Defect 24 (1.16%) 4 (0.19%)
 Any Iris Findings 146 (7.06%)
Total Exams 2069
Lens Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Cataract 656 (31.94%) 493 (24.00%)
  White/Traumatic Cataract 24 (1.17%) 1 (0.05%)
 Intraocular Lens 278 (13.53%) 163 (7.94%)
 Any Lens Findings 859 (41.82%)
Total Exams 2054
Vitreous Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Posterior Vitreous Detachment 144 (9.68%) 45 (3.03%)
 Vitreous Cell 133 (8.94%) 31 (2.08%)
 Vitreous Hemorrhage 50 (3.36%) 5 (0.34%)
 Vitreous Haze 23 (1.55%) 1 (0.07%)
 Any Vitreous Findings 283 (19.03%)
Total Exams 1487
Nerve Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Cup to Disc Ratio ≥ 0.6 144 (12.77%) 65 (5.76%)
Total Exams 1128
 Pallor 122 (6.61%) 38 (2.06%)
 Edema 56 (3.03%) 34 (1.84%)
 Cupped, Enlarged, Notch 49 (2.65%) 16 (0.87%)
 Hemorrhage, Disc Heme 45 (2.44%) 6 (0.32%)
 Neovascularization of the Disc 39 (2.11%) 10 (0.54%)
 Any Nerve Findings 243 (13.16%)
Total Exams 1847
Macula Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 No View 236 (13.02%) 28 (1.54%)
 Heme (Dot Blot Hemorrhages, Flame, Intraretinal, Preretinal) 114 (6.29%) 26 (1.43%)
 Drusen 64 (3.53%) 27 (1.49%)
 Exudate 51 (2.81%) 15 (0.83%)
 Microaneurysms 47 (2.59%) 16 (0.88%)
 Detachment 37 (2.04%) 5 (0.28%)
  Traction or Tractional Retinal Detachment 12 (0.66%) 5 (0.28%)
 Commotio or Berlin’s Edema 35 (1.93%) 3 (0.17%)
 Geographic Atrophy / Macular Scar 33 (1.82%) 10 (0.55%)
 Cotton Wool Spots 24 (1.32%) 2 (0.11%)
 Other Retinal Abnormalities (Thickening, Hole, Lesions) 24 (1.32%) 0 (0.00%)
 Any Macula Findings 301 (16.60%)
Total Exams 1813
Vessel Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Attenuation 119 (6.63%) 52 (2.90%)
 Tortuosity 50 (2.79%) 33 (1.84%)
 Any Vessel Findings 161 (8.97%)
Total Exams 1794
Periphery Either Eye, N (%) Both, N (%)
 Hemorrhage 245 (14.04%) 81 (4.64%)
 Laser Scars / Panretinal Photocoagulation 117 (6.70%) 32 (1.83%)
 Retinal Tear, Hole, or Operculum 77 (4.41%) 13 (0.74%)
 Lattice Degeneration 66 (3.78%) 25 (1.43%)
 Retinal Detachment 51 (2.92%) 1 (0.06%)
 Commotio 48 (2.75%) 3 (0.17%)
 Exudates 30 (1.72%) 7 (0.40%)
 Neovascularization 21 (1.20%) 4 (0.23%)
 Any Periphery Findings 599 (34.33%)
Total Exams 1745