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. 2025 Aug 22;11(34):eadu2708. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adu2708

Fig. 4. ADMos induce astrocyte activation in hCO-MPSs.

Fig. 4.

(A) Representative images showing astrocyte activation in hCO-MPSs under different conditions: AC monocytes (ACMos) cocultured with hCO-MPSs, ACMo cocultured with Aβ-pretreated hCO-MPSs (ACMo + Aβ), ADMo cocultured with hCO-MPSs, and ADMo cocultured with Aβ-pretreated hCO-MPSs (ADMo + Aβ). Scale bar, 20 μm. (B) Quantification of GFAP fluorescence intensity for (A) (mean ± SEM, n = 5 organoids, from three independent experiments). (C) Quantification of GFAP+ area for (A) (mean ± SEM, n = 5 organoids, from three independent experiments). (D) ROS levels in hCO-MPSs under the conditions shown in (A) (mean ± SEM, n = 5 organoids, from three independent experiments). (E) Expression of immune response- and ROS-related genes in astrocytes within ACMo- and ADMo-cocultured hCO-MPSs. (F) Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on astrocyte DEGs in ADMo-cocultured hCO-MPSs.