Table 2.
Prevalence of Perinatal Complications and Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Disability Status; California, 2008–2020
| White, no disability (N = 1,475,069) |
Black, no disability (N = 278,080) |
Hispanic, no disability (N = 2,833,689) |
White, physical disability (N = 10,685) |
Black, physical disability (N = 1,339) |
Hispanic, physical disability (N = 9,142) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of complication | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p a |
| Gestational hypertension | 59,797 (4.1%) | 15,522 (5.6%) | 89,198 (3.1%) | 647 (6.1%) | 107 (8.0%) | 454 (5.0%) | <0.001 |
| Preeclampsia | 52,586 (3.6%) | 15,374 (5.5%) | 119,829 (4.2%) | 540 (5.1%) | 105 (7.8%) | 616 (6.7%) | <0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 105,111 (7.1%) | 19,614 (7.1%) | 280,388 (9.9%) | 1,036 (9.7%) | 138 (10.3%) | 1,158 (12.7%) | <0.001 |
| Mental health disorders | 97,927 (6.6%) | 17,097 (6.1%) | 80,090 (2.8%) | 1,921 (18.0%) | 205 (15.3%) | 1,078 (11.8%) | <0.001 |
| Cesarean delivery | 454,424 (30.8%) | 101,895 (36.6%) | 886,665 (31.3%) | 4,608 (43.1%) | 625 (46.7%) | 4,062 (44.4%) | <0.001 |
| Preterm delivery <37 weeks | 85,557 (5.8%) | 27,349 (9.8%) | 203,045 (7.2%) | 1,046 (9.8%) | 260 (19.4%) | 1,174 (12.8%) | <0.001 |
| Preterm delivery <34 weeks | 18,125 (1.2%) | 8,379 (3.0%) | 47,653 (1.7%) | 240 (2.2%) | 98 (7.3%) | 322 (3.5%) | <0.001 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 708 (0.0%) | 176 (0.1%) | 877 (0.0%) | 11 (0.1%) | 8 (0.6%) | 13 (0.1%) | <0.001 |
| Chorioamnionitis | 34,518 (2.3%) | 7,819 (2.8%) | 74,735 (2.6%) | 305 (2.9%) | 58 (4.3%) | 340 (3.7%) | <0.001 |
| Puerperal endometritis | 4,172 (0.3%) | 1,746 (0.6%) | 12,161 (0.4%) | 57 (0.5%) | 18 (1.3%) | 55 (0.6%) | <0.001 |
a
Chi-square test.