Table 2.

Common Medications in Palliative Care Setting with Known Mechanisms Contributing to Fatigue^a

Medication class	Commonly prescribed medications in PCb
Opioids	Morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, fentanyl, methadone, hydrocodone, codeine
Benzodiazepines	Lorazepam, diazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam, midazolam, temazepam
Barbiturates	Phenobarbital, pentobarbital
Gabapentinoids	Gabapentin, pregabalin
Beta blockers	Metoprolol, carvedilol, propranolol, atenolol
Anticholinergics	Scopolamine, oxybutynin, atropine, dicyclomine, benztropine
Skeletal muscle relaxants	Baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, cyclobenzaprine
1st generation antihistamines	Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine
Central alpha2 agonists	Clonidine, tizanidine
Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenytoin
Antidepressants	Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, mirtazapine, trazodone
Antipsychoticsc	Olanzapine, quetiapine, chlorpromazine, risperidone, prochlorperazine, haloperidol

^a Adapted from Zlott et al., PM&R. 2010.⁷⁴

^b This is not an all-inclusive list.

^c Antipsychotics with anticholinergic properties are the worst offenders.