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. 2025 Aug 18;19:2505–2524. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S537829

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of Participants in China and the United Kingdom

Variable China (n = 500) UK (n = 500)
Age (years) 18–70 (M = 36.4, SD = 12.7) 18–70 (M = 37.1, SD = 13.1)
Gender 251 Female / 249 Male 253 Female / 247 Male
Region 62% Urban / 38% Rural 65% Urban / 35% Rural
Education Level 18% High school or below 14% High school or below
52% Bachelor’s degree 49% Bachelor’s degree
30% Master’s or above 37% Master’s or above

Notes: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study. Educational levels are self-reported and reflect the highest qualification attained.