Table 1.

Summary of Bioactive Lipids and Their Roles in Glial Cell Modulation

Lipid Class	Biosynthetic Enzymes	Primary Receptors	Role in Disease Stage
Eicosanoids	COX (Cyclooxygenase), LOX (Lipoxygenase)	EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4 (Prostaglandin receptors)	Involved in acute neuroinflammation, promoting inflammation initiation and persistence.
Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs)	LOX (Lipoxygenase)	BLT1, BLT2 (Leukotriene receptors)	Promote resolution of inflammation during the resolution phase, facilitating tissue repair.
Endocannabinoids (eCBs)	FAAH (Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase), MAGL (Monoacylglycerol lipase)	CB1, CB2 (Cannabinoid receptors)	Modulate inflammation response and immune cell activity, exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
Lysophospholipids/Sphingolipids (LPLs/SPs)	PLA2 (Phospholipase A2)	S1P1, S1P2, S1P3 (Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors)	Exacerbate the inflammatory characteristics of glial cells and promote sustained inflammation.