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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jul 11.
Published before final editing as: Child Youth Care Forum. 2025 Jul 11:10.1007/s10566-025-09881-5. doi: 10.1007/s10566-025-09881-5

Table 2.

Mean and Standard Deviation of Brief Depression Scale (BDS) Score at Each Wave by Racial-Ethnic Immigrant Generation Group and Full Sample

mean (SD)
Grade Latinx children of immigrants Latinx children of non-immigrants White children of non-immigrants Full sample
Grade 6 4.5 (3.2) 4.6 (3.2) 3.9 (3.3) 4.1 (3.3)
Grade 7 3.9 (3.3) 4.6 (3.8) 3.6 (3.3) 3.8 (3.3)
Grade 8 4.5 (3.5) 4.9 (3.6) 3.8 (3.5) 4.1 (3.5)
Grade 9 4.2 (3.6) 4.1 (3.6) 3.6 (3.3) 3.8 (3.4)
Grade 10 3.6 (3.4) 3.5 (3.3) 3.4 (3.3) 3.5 (3.3)
Grade 12 3.5 (3.3) 3.0 (2.9) 3.1 (3.1) 3.1 (3.1)

Note. SD: Standard deviation