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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Ment Health. 2025 May 19;3(6):613–625. doi: 10.1038/s44220-025-00397-4

Table 1.

Top ten significant results of the global-corrected regional MR analyses between SA regional measures and the selected phenotypes.

exposure outcome nsnps β 95% CI se p.fdr
insula CP 14 0.28 0.19 0.38 0.05 5.30 × 10−5
precuneus HDL 22 −0.21 −0.28 −0.13 0.04 5.41 × 10−5
parahippocampal SmkInit 8 0.37 0.24 0.50 0.07 5.41 × 10−5
lingual logTG 17 −0.22 −0.30 −0.14 0.04 10.02 × 10−5
precuneus EA 21 −0.18 −0.26 −0.11 0.07 1.83 × 10−3
transverse temporal CP 14 0.24 0.14 0.34 0.05 1.90 × 10−3
lateralorbitofrontal SmkInit 19 −0.18 −0.26 −0.10 0.04 4.48 × 10−3
parahippocampal logTG 6 0.34 0.19 0.50 0.08 6.01 × 10−3
rostralmiddlefrontal SmkInit#2 16 −0.19 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.03
temporal pole CDG 1 −0.90 −0.28 −0.10 0.23 0.03

The results are ranked by significance, i.e., the FDR-corrected p-value (p.fdr). nsnps: number of the extracted genetic instruments, i.e., the independent (r2 < 0.01) SNPs, β: beta value, se: standard error. Outcomes: CP: cognitive performance, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, SmkInit: smoking initiation 2019 (ever smoking regularly 2019), logTG: log-transformed triglycerides, EA: educational attainment, SmkInit#2: smoking initiation 2022 (ever smoking regularly 2022), CDG: cross disorders group. Statistical tests were two-sided, and p-values were FDR-corrected to adjust for multiple testing.