Table A1.
Baseline characteristics of demographic information for older adults within metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas in 2011.
| Total (n = 6082) |
Metropolitan (n = 4949) |
Non-Metro (n = 1133) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-Value |
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean Age | 75.12 (0.10) | 75.16 (0.12) | 74.94 (0.23) | 0.41 |
| Age | ||||
| 65–69 years | 1154 (28.6) | 930 (28.7) | 224 (27.7) | 0.35 |
| 70–74 years | 1274 (25.0) | 1028 (24.6) | 246 (26.8) | |
| 75–79 years | 1230 (19.2) | 989 (19.0) | 241 (19.9) | |
| 80–84 years | 1203 (14.5) | 991 (14.6) | 212 (13.8) | |
| 85+ years | 1221 (12.8) | 1011 (13.0) | 210 (11.8) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2529 (43.6) | 2019 (43.1) | 510 (46.0) | 0.11 |
| Female | 3553 (56.4) | 2930 (56.9) | 623 (54.0) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 4194 (81.2) | 3263 (79.3) | 931 (89.9) | 0.14 |
| Black | 1318 (8.1) | 1172 (8.7) | 146 (5.0) | |
| Hispanic | 352 (6.5) | 318 (7.3) | 34 (3.0) | |
| Other | 218 (4.2) | 196 (4.7) | 22 (2.2) | |
| Education | ||||
| Less than High School | 1582 (20.7) | 1264 (20.2) | 318 (23.1) | 0.02 |
| High School | 1633 (27.0) | 1271 (25.9) | 362 (32.1) | |
| Some College | 764 (13.9) | 630 (13.9) | 134 (14.0) | |
| College Degree and Beyond | 2049 (38.3) | 1732 (40.0) | 317 (30.8) | |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 2914 (54.6) | 2314 (53.8) | 600 (58.2) | 0.01 |
| Separated/Divorced | 740 (12.3) | 635 (13.0) | 105 (9.3) | |
| Widowed | 2058 (27.0) | 1685 (26.8) | 373 (27.6) | |
| Never Married | 239 (3.7) | 210 (4.1) | 29 (2.1) | |
| Living with Partner | 125 (2.3) | 99 (2.3) | 26 (2.7) | |
| Residence Type | ||||
| Community | 5753 (94.4) | 4667 (94.0) | 1086 (96.1) | 0.03 |
| Residential Care | 329 (5.6) | 282 (6.0) | 47 (3.9) | |
| Income | ||||
| USD 0–24,999 | 1700 (24.7) | 1360 (24.1) | 340 (27.1) | 0.02 |
| USD 25,000–49,999 | 818 (14.1) | 653 (13.7) | 165 (15.6) | |
| USD 50,000–74,999 | 451 (8.7) | 377 (8.9) | 74 (8.1) | |
| USD 75,000–99,999 | 230 (4.9) | 195 (5.1) | 35 (4.0) | |
| USD 100,000–199,999 | 235 (5.3) | 210 (5.8) | 25 (3.0) | |
| USD 200,000+ | 85 (2.0) | 79 (2.3) | 6 (0.7) | |
| Missing | 2563 (40.4) | 2075 (40.1) | 488 (41.6) | |
| Language | ||||
| Language other than English | 886 (16.7) | 787 (18.5) | 99 (8.9) | 0.002 |
| English | 4976 (83.3) | 3969 (81.5) | 1007 (91.1) | |
| Insurance | ||||
| Medicaid | 921 (11.7) | 745 (11.6) | 176 (12.1) | 0.01 |
| Medigap | 3100 (54.1) | 2456 (52.9) | 644 (59.8) | |
| Tricare | 188 (3.3) | 164 (3.6) | 24 (2.0) | |
| Medicare only | 1873 (30.9) | 1584 (32.0) | 289 (26.1) | |
| Healthcare Access | ||||
| Has Regular Doctor | 5792 (95.4) | 4731 (95.8) | 1061 (93.8) | 0.01 |
| Seen Doctor Last Year | 5708 (93.6) | 4672 (94.2) | 1036 (90.7) | 0.003 |
| Community Support | ||||
| Total hours help per month | 47.06 (2.10) | 47.63 (2.52) | 44.38 (5.21) | 0.60 |
| Household size | 1.97 (0.02) | 1.98 (0.02) | 1.90 (0.03) | 0.04 |
| Need help in transportation to doctor | 2081 (29.8) | 1716 (29.9) | 365 (29.1) | 0.74 |
| Health | ||||
| Current Smoker | 450 (15.4) | 343 (14.1) | 107 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular Disease | 1589 (24.2) | 1266 (23.6) | 323 (26.9) | 0.07 |
| High Blood Pressure | 4082 (63.8) | 3356 (64.4) | 726 (60.7) | 0.04 |
| Arthritis | 3391 (53.8) | 2732 (53.1) | 659 (56.8) | 0.08 |
| Osteoporosis | 1249 (21.1) | 1030 (21.6) | 219 (19.2) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes | 1527 (23.6) | 1260 (23.9) | 267 (22.4) | 0.31 |
| Lung Disease | 887 (14.7) | 719 (14.6) | 168 (14.9) | 0.87 |
| Stroke | 697 (9.8) | 545 (9.4) | 152 (11.4) | 0.07 |
| Dementia | 308 (3.8) | 266 (4.1) | 42 (2.7) | 0.04 |
| Cancer | 1562 (25.7) | 1288 (26.1) | 274 (23.9) | 0.18 |
| Multimorbidity | 4490 (70.7) | 3663 (70.6) | 827 (70.7) | 0.98 |
| Frailty | ||||
| Robust | 1094 (23.0) | 881 (23.1) | 213 (22.8) | 0.73 |
| Pre-Frail | 3242 (53.0) | 2652 (53.3) | 590 (51.9) | |
| Frail | 1746 (24.0) | 1416 (23.7) | 330 (25.3) |