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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Clin Biomed Res. 2025 Jun 30;9(4):304–315. doi: 10.26502/acbr.50170467

Figure 2:

Figure 2:

Effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) on cell migration in control (A) or TNF-α stimulated (B) HMC3 cells. Cells were treated with TNF-α (50 ng/mL) during 45 h. EMF with frequencies of 2.5 Hz or 5 Hz were applied for 3 minutes, 20 minutes after the addition of TNF-α. Migration was calculated as percentage of initial area, according to the formula described in Materials and Methods. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three experiments. For each treatment and time point, comparisons were performed between each frequency and no EMF (**p<0.01). TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha.