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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published before final editing as: Psychol Crime Law. 2023 Dec 20:10.1080/1068316X.2023.2292515. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2023.2292515

Table 6.

Fixed effects from multi-level models concerning factor 3: sensitivity to youth perspective.

Model 3a Model 3b Model 3c
Variable Estimate [95% CI] p (FDR) Estimate [95% CI] p (FDR) Estimate [95% CI] p (FDR)
Time 0.60 [0.53, 0.67] <.001 0.60 [0.53, 0.67] <.001 0.63 [0.55, 0.72] <.001
Age 0.03 [−0.02, 0.07] .349 0.04 [−0.01, 0.09] .194
Non-Male (vs. Male) −0.11 [−0.21, 0.00] .101 −0.12 [−0.25, 0.00] .105
Black (vs. White) 0.49 [0.38, 0.61] <.001 0.54 [0.40, 0.67] <.001
Hispanic (vs. White) 0.15 [0.02, 0.27] .047 0.15 [0.01, 0.30] .080
Other Race (vs. White) 0.16 [0.00, 0.32] .101 0.26 [0.07, 0.45] .017
Time*Age −0.03 [−0.08, 0.02] .430
Time*Non-Male (vs. Male) 0.03 [−0.10, 0.16] .866
Time*Black (vs. White) −0.09 [−0.23, 0.05] .349
Time*Hispanic (vs. White) −0.02 [−0.17, 0.13] .966
Time*Other Race (vs. White) −0.20 [−0.40, −0.01] .083

Note: CI, confidence interval; p(FDR), adjusted p-value using false discovery rate. Each model also contained random intercepts for recruit and cohort and random slopes for time within cohort.