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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published before final editing as: Psychol Crime Law. 2023 Dec 20:10.1080/1068316X.2023.2292515. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2023.2292515

Table 7.

Fixed effects from multi-level models concerning selected item: ‘Race/ethnicity affects interactions between police and young people locally’.

Model 4a Model 4b Model 4c
Variable Estimate [95% CI] p (FDR) Estimate [95% CI] p (FDR) Estimate [95% CI] p (FDR)
Time 0.17 [0.12, 0.23] <.001 0.17 [0.12, 0.23] <.001 0.18 [0.11, 0.26] <.001
Age 0.07 [0.02, 0.11] .020 0.08 [0.03, 0.14] .007
Non-Male (vs. Male) −0.02 [−0.14, 0.09] .924 −0.03 [−0.16, 0.10] .890
Black (vs. White) 0.38 [0.26, 0.51] <.001 0.42 [0.28, 0.56] <.001
Hispanic (vs. White) −0.05 [−0.19, 0.08] .632 −0.06 [−0.21, 0.09] .632
Other Race (vs. White) 0.25 [0.07, 0.42] .016 0.25 [0.05, 0.45] .033
Time*Age −0.04 [−0.10, 0.01] .222
Time*Non-Male (vs. Male) 0.02 [−0.12, 0.15] .966
Time*Black (vs. White) −0.08 [−0.22, 0.07] .449
Time*Hispanic (vs. White) 0.02 [−0.14, 0.17] .966
Time*Other Race (vs. White) 0.00 [−0.20, 0.19] .997

Note: CI, confidence interval; p(FDR), adjusted p-value using false discovery rate. Each model also contained random intercepts for recruit.