Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 78)
| Mean (SD) or Percentage | Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age (Years) | Mean(SD) = 54.63(13.19) | |
| Years of Education | Mean(SD) = 13.03(1.15) | |
| Reported Gender | ||
| Male | 91.0% | |
| Female | 7.7% | |
| Other | 1.3% | |
| Race | ||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 2.6% | |
| Black/African American | 53.8% | |
| White | 37.2% | |
| Mixed Race | 5.1% | |
| Unknown/Not Reported | 1.3% | |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 93.6% | |
| Marital Status | ||
| Single, never married | 38.5% | |
| Married/Separated/Divorced/Widowed | 61.5% | |
| Primary Substance Use Diagnosis | ||
| Alcohol use disorder | 65.4% | |
| Cannabis use disorder | 2.6% | |
| Cocaine use disorder | 25.6% | |
| Opioid use disorder | 2.6% | |
| Other substance use disorder | 2.6% | |
| Substance Use (in months) | ||
| Lifetime use – AUDa | 369.67(213.65) | 1 – 707 |
| Lifetime use – Other SUDb | 146.26(136.64) | 0 – 660 |
| Longest period of abstinence – Primary AUDc | 36.67(38.63) | 0 – 168 |
| Longest period of abstinence – Primary Other SUDd | 95.90(45.12) | 0 – 576 |
| Hospitalizations | ||
| # of lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations | 3.09(7.03) | 0 – 50 |
| # of lifetime drug/alcohol hospitalizations | 8.83(16.64) | 0 – 100 |
| # of times previously participated in intensive drug/alcohol treatment program | 4.63(5.51) | 0 – 30 |
| Psychiatric Diagnosis | ||
| Any Psychiatric Disorder | 73.1% | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 10.3% | |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 3.8% | |
| Major Depressive Disorder | 25.6% | |
| Panic Disorder | 2.6% | |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 24.4% | |
| Schizoaffective Disorder/Schizophrenia | 5.1% | |
| Anti-Social Personality Disorder | 17.9% | |
| Self-Reported Medical Conditions | ||
| Medical illness that impairs ability to work | 29.5% | |
| Diagnosed pain condition | 59.0% | |
| Previous Work Participation | ||
| Previously participated in Incentive Work Therapy | 23.1% | |
| Previously participated in Compensated Work Therapy | 34.6% | |
| Previously participated in Supported Employment | 17.9% | |
| Previously participated in other work therapy services | 9.0% | |
| Stable Housing – Past 90 Days | ||
| Yes | 78.2% | |
| Financial | ||
| Receiving compensation for disability (SSI, SSDI, SC) | 70.5% | |
| Service Connection Percentage | Mean(SD) = 57.23(37.39) | |
| Employment (past 3 years) e | ||
| Full-time competitive | 23.1% | |
| Part-time competitive | 32.1% | |
| Irregular/part-time/odd jobs | 10.3% | |
| Unemployed | 33.3% | |
| Student training program | 1.3% | |
| Retired from employment | 33.3% |
Note. For substance use variables assessing longest period of abstinence, analyses were conducted for Veterans who had a primary substance use diagnosis for that particular substance (i.e., longest period of abstinence from alcohol was assessed for Veterans who had a primary diagnosis of alcohol use disorder). Thus, sample sizes for each analysis vary.
a
N = 78.
b
N = 21 – 67.
c
N = 51.
d
N = 23.
e
Some participants reported multiple types of employment in the past 3 years.