Table 2. Distribution and rank of the most frequently reported gram-negative, gram-positive and fungal pathogens, 2019–2023a.
| Pathogen category | Rank | Pathogen | ICU-CLABSI | Hip and knee | CSF shunt | Paediatric cardiac | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=2,854 | N=780 | N=130 | N=151 | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Gram-positive | 1 | Coagulase-negative staphylococcib | 661 | 23.2 | 134 | 17.2 | 46 | 35.4 | 20 | 13.2 |
| 2 | Enterococcus spp. | 590 | 20.7 | 34 | 4.4 | 3 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| 3 | Staphylococcus aureus c | 273 | 9.6 | 317 | 40.6 | 37 | 28.5 | 93 | 61.6 | |
| 4 | Streptococcus spp. | 60 | 2.1 | 81 | 10.4 | 4 | 3.1 | 10 | 6.6 | |
| Other gram-positived | 124 | 4.3 | 59 | 7.6 | 12 | 9.2 | 2 | 1.3 | ||
| Total gram-positive | 1,708 | 59.8 | 625 | 80.1 | 102 | 78.5 | 125 | 82.8 | ||
| Gram-negative | 1 | Klebsiella spp. | 159 | 5.6 | 14 | 1.8 | 8 | 6.2 | 5 | 3.3 |
| 2 | Escherichia coli | 130 | 4.6 | 26 | 3.3 | 7 | 5.4 | 1 | 0.7 | |
| 3 | Enterobacter spp. | 110 | 3.9 | 33 | 4.2 | 4 | 3.1 | 6 | 4.0 | |
| 4 | Pseudomonas spp. | 82 | 2.9 | 28 | 3.6 | 3 | 2.3 | 2 | 1.3 | |
| 5 | Serratia spp. | 58 | 2.0 | 9 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.7 | |
| Other gram-negativee | 163 | 5.7 | 43 | 5.5 | 4 | 3.1 | 3 | 2.0 | ||
| Total gram-negative | 702 | 24.6 | 153 | 19.6 | 27 | 20.8 | 18 | 11.9 | ||
| Fungi | 1 | Candida albicans | 227 | 8.0 | 2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.3 |
| 2 | Other Candida spp.f | 207 | 7.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.8 | 6 | 4.0 | |
| Other fungig | 10 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Total fungal | 444 | 15.6 | 2 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.8 | 8 | 5.3 | ||
| Total | 2,854 | 100 | 780 | 100 | 130 | 100 | 151 | 100 | ||
Abbreviations: CSF shunt, cerebrospinal fluid shunt; ICU-CLABSI, intensive care unit central line-associated bloodstream infections
a Frequency distribution percentage rounded to the nearest tenth decimal
b Coagulase-negative staphylococci included S. lugdunensis, S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. hominis and S. warneri
c Staphylococcus aureus includes methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and unspecified S. aureus
d Other gram-positive pathogens included anaerobic gram-positive cocci, Finegoldia magna, Clostridioides spp., Lactobacillus spp. and others
e Other gram-negative pathogens included Stenotrophomonas spp., Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Pantoea spp., Prevotella spp., Bacteroides fragilis and others
f Other Candida spp. included C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis
g Other fungi included Aspergillus spp., Trichophyton tonsurans and unspecified fungi