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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published before final editing as: Psychol Serv. 2025 Aug 21:10.1037/ser0000990. doi: 10.1037/ser0000990

Table 3.

Associations between Clinical Characteristics and Family Service Referrals over the next 90 days

Predictive % receiving referral OR (95% CI) AOR1 (95% CI)
Whole Sample 0.10 --- ---
Relationship Screening Results2
 Any Intimate Partner Violence (Stage 1) 0.33 4.19 (3.12, 5.63) 2.39 (1.65, 3.47)
 Threats/Physical/Sexual Violence (Severe Stage 1) 0.60 6.64 (4.20, 10.49) 1.22 (0.65, 2.28)
 Risk for Future IPV-Related Injury (Stage 2) 0.76 8.07 (5.10, 12.76) 1.97 (1.05, 3.68)
Service Category of Assessing Provider3
 Mental Health Care 0.31a --- ---
 Primary Care 0.07b 0.24 (0.17, 0.33) 0.30 (0.21, 0.42)
 Other 0.10b 0.33 (0.24, 0.45) 0.39 (0.28, 0.55)
Past-Year Screens of Transdiagnostic Concerns
 Suicide Plan, Intent or, Behavior 0.54 6.01 (3.94, 9.15) 3.90 (2.54, 5.98)
 Heavy Drinking 0.17 1.80 (1.25, 2.60) 1.59 (1.09, 2.31)
Mental health conditions (Present vs. Absent)
 Personality disorders 0.33 3.44 (2.01, 5.90) 2.28 (1.32, 3.96)
 Posttraumatic Stress Disorders 0.21 3.47 (2.72, 4.44) 2.42 (1.86, 3.14)
 Adjustment disorders 0.30 3.46 (2.57, 4.64) 2.30 (1.70, 3.10)
 Other Trauma 0.37 3.86 (2.52, 5.93) 2.33 (1.51, 3.60)
 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 0.21 2.13 (0.68, 6.65) 1.56 (0.50, 4.89)
 Other anxiety disorders 0.23 3.32 (2.60, 4.25) 2.24 (1.74, 2.89)
 Bipolar Depression 0.33 3.62 (2.48, 5.27) 2.58 (1.76, 3.79)
 Major Depression 0.22 3.24 (2.54, 4.13) 2.19 (1.70, 2.82)
 Pervasive Dysphoric Disorder 0.12 1.21 (0.54, 2.72) 0.91 (0.40, 2.05)
 Other mood disorder 0.23 2.52 (1.82, 3.49) 1.92 (1.38, 2.66)
 Substance use disorders 0.17 2.06 (1.58, 2.68) 1.80 (1.37, 2.36)
 Schizophrenia 0.11 1.15 (0.51, 2.58) 1.05 (0.46, 2.36)
History of psychiatric inpatient 0.24 2.72 (2.00, 3.69) 2.15 (1.57, 2.95)
Service connection3
 No SC 0.06a --- ---
 10–50% SC 0.09a 1.64 (1.12, 2.39) 1.25 (0.86, 1.83)
 60–100% SC 0.16b 3.01 (2.21, 4.12) 1.84 (1.33, 2.54)

Notes. Predictors that are significant (p<.05) and have at least a small effect size (ORs>1.43 & ORs<0.70) bolded for ease of interpretation.

1

Adjusted odds ratios adjust for veteran demographics and military service characteristics including age, sex, marital status, race, ethnicity, period of service, rurality, combat status, and military sexual trauma status. Full model including controls can be found in supplemental Table S3.

2

The dichotomous IPV screening predictors were entered simultaneously in adjusted analyses, thereby approximating contrast codes.

3

For predictors with three or more categories (i.e., service category of assessing provider; veteran’s service connection), groups with different lettered subscripts indicate (1) the whole adjusted effect size was significant and (2) the adjusted pairwise comparisons met our effect size threshold.