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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 11.
Published before final editing as: Hist Methods. 2025 Jan 11:10.1080/01615440.2024.2421512. doi: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2421512

Table 2.

Partial list of Variables in the IPUMS Mortality Census Datasets, 1850-1880

Census year 1850 1860 1870 1880
Name of deceased person Restricted
use only
Restricted
use only
Restricted
use only
Restricted
use only
Color X X X X
Sex X X X X
Age X X X X
Free or slave X X
Marital Status X X X X
Married or widowed X X X
Single, married, widowed or divorced X
Place of birth X X X X
Parentage (mother, father of foreign birth) X X
Occupation inc. inc. inc. inc.
Month of death X X X X
Cause of death X X X X
Number of days ill X X
Length of time resident in country X
Name of place disease was contracted X
Name of attending physician X
State X X X X
County X X X X
Place (Township, district, city, etc.) X X X X
Family number inc. inc.
Historical ID of reporting household in population census X X
Number of decedents in dataset 298,870 387,206 419,927 728,858
Number of decedents in published data 323,098 394,153 492,263 756,898
Percentage of decedents in microdata 92.5% 98.2% 85.3% 96.3%
Number of decedents linked to family in population census 209,557 251,037
Percentage of decedents linked to population census 49.9% 34.4%

Notes: Restricted versions of the data are available for each nineteenth century census. The restricted versions include names, street address when available, and the input data (strings and coded). Accessing these data does require specific stipulations in order to use, and interested users should contact ipums@umn.edu or ipumsres@umn.edu to request access to these data. Variables denoted by "X" are census questions with avaiable data in a given year and coded by IPUMS. Variables denoted by "C" were constructed using logical rules. "Inc." indicates census questions signficantly incomplete or with signficant errors in the dataset. Some of the original manuscript returns do not survive or could not be located and processed. States with a sigificant amount of missing mortality data include California (1870 [partial]); Illinois (1870 [partial]); Kentucky (1850 [partial]); Mississippi (1880 [partial]); Missouri (1870 [partial]); Nebraska (1870 [partial]); New Mexico (1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880); Ohio (1850 [partial], 1870, 1880 [partial]); Pennsylvania (1870 [partial]); and West Virginia (1860). Users should excercise caution when combining mortality census data with population census data to construct mortality rates.