Table 3.

Logistic Regression death of child in household, 1870 linked mortality dataset (odds ratios)

Model number	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Age of children	0-14	0	1-4	5-9	10-14
Race of Child
Race white	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Race Black	1.075 ***	1.127 ***	1.149 ***	1.134 **	1.352 ***
Characteristics of Household Head
Occupation
Non-farmer	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Farmer	0.748 ***	0.794 ***	0.712 ***	0.750 ***	0.802 ***
Total Wealth (combined real and personal)
No wealth	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Moderate wealth ($100-$2999)	0.970 **	1.019	0.990	0.980	1.005
High wealth ($3000 and up)	0.904 ***	1.064 *	0.976	0.947	0.882 *
Characteristics of Household Head & Spouse
Nativity
Both native-born of native-born parents	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Mixed or second generation	1.090 ***	1.056 *	1.069 **	0.992	0.966
Both foreign born	1.096 ***	1.001	1.078 ***	1.027	0.938
Literacy
One or both Illiterate	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Literate (both can read and write)	0.888 ***	0.883 ***	0.898 ***	0.883 ***	0.898 *
Characteristics of place of residence
Rural-Urban
Rural areas/places with less than 2500 pop.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Places with 24,999 pop.	1.418 ***	1.450 ***	1.412 ***	1.334 ***	1.278 ***
Places with 25,000-99,999 pop.	1.499 ***	1.460 ***	1.499 ***	1.456 ***	1.036
Places with 100,000+ pop.	1.875 ***	1.773 ***	1.972 ***	1.738 ***	1.257 **
Census Region
Northeast	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Midwest	0.918 ***	0.915 ***	0.940 **	0.930	0.868 **
South	0.700 ***	0.722 ***	0.697 ***	0.716 ***	0.682 ***
West	0.452 ***	0.328 ***	0.473 ***	0.919	0.690
Number of at-risk children	51,474	21,885	20,283	5,828	3,478
Number of observed deaths	6,952,501	557,486	2,125,615	2,190,115	2,079,285

Notes: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.010, * p<0.050. Universe includes all male-headed households with spouses aged 15-59 present in the household. All models include controls for mother's age.