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. 2025 Aug 22;12:e67990. doi: 10.2196/67990

Table 2. Demographic and disease-related variables of the patients with data related to the Invisible Symptoms protocol.

Variable Protocol sample (n=430)
Age at MSa onset (years)
 Mean (SD) 33.1 (10.18)
 Missing data, n (%) 108 (25.1)
Age at MS diagnosis (years), mean (SD) 35.5 (10.13)
Age at first PROb recording (years), mean (SD) 42.5 (10.28)
Sex (female), n (%) 357 (83.0)
Disease course, n (%)
 RRMSc 354 (82.3)
 SPMSd 20 (4.7)
 PPMSe 22 (5.1)
 UNSf 34 (7.9)
Disease duration (years), median (Q1-Q3) 4.1 (0.6-11.3)
EDSSg
 Median (IQR) 2.5 (2.0-3.5)
 Missing data, n (%) 50 (12)
Education (total years)
 Mean (SD) 14.3 (2.73)
 Missing data, n (%) 118 (27.4)
Smoking (yes), n (%)
 Number 39 (10)
 Missing data 24 (6)
a

MS: multiple sclerosis.

b

PRO: patient-reported outcome.

c

RRMS: relapsing-remitting MS.

d

SPMS: secondary progressive MS.

e

PPMS: primary progressive MS.

f

UNS: unspecified disease course.

g

EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale.