TABLE 6.
Results of detection of naturally occurring viruses from seawater and indicator profiles
| Sampling point | Season | Temp (°C) | Fecal coliforms (CFU/100 ml)
|
No. of positive samples/no. of samples tested byd:
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-specific phagea | Direct RT-PCRb
|
Cell culture PCRc (EV) | ||||||||||||
| Mean | Range | NV G1 | NV G2 | HAV | EV | |||||||||
| Enoshima | Summer | 28-30 | 215 | 19-4,000 | 0/2 | 0/6 | 0/6 | 0/6 | 0/6 | 4/6 | ||||
| Enoshima | Summer | |||||||||||||
| Tokyo Bay | Winter | 8-16 | 8 | 0-172 | 1/4 | 0/6 | 0/6 | 0/6 | 0/6 | 0/6 | ||||
| Tokyo Bay | Winter | 8-16 | 62 | 4-800 | 1/4 | 3/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | ||||
a
Plaque assay for 100 ml using S. enterica serovar Typhimurium WG49 as a host strain.
b
Equivalent with detection from 50 ml of seawater.
c
Equivalent with detection from 300 ml of seawater; at least one positive result from two samples tested.
d
Abbreviations: NV, Norwalk virus; EV, enterovirus.