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. 2025 Aug 22;11:e74010. doi: 10.2196/74010

Table 1. Summary of 19 studies included.

Source Sample sizea Cancer type(s) Attitudes toward AIb use in cancer care
AI versus physicianc Patient
outlookd 		Trustd Satisfactiond Feard
Au et al, 2023 [28] 1 Choroidal metastasis N/Ae N/A N/A + N/A
Fransen et al, 2025 [29] 206 Prostate cancer Combined N/A + N/A N/A
Goessinger et al, 2024 [30] 205 Melanoma Combined N/A + N/A −
Hildebrand et al, 2023 [31] 15 Metastatic cancer Combined +, − + N/A N/A
Jutzi et al, 2020 [17] 154 Melanoma Combined +, − N/A N/A N/A
Kenig et al, 2024 [32] 20 Breast cancer N/A N/A + N/A N/A
Klotz et al, 2024 [33] 17 Pancreatic cancer N/A N/A N/A + N/A
Lee et al, 2020 [34] 285 Breast, colorectal, gastric, gynecological, liver, lung, thyroid N/A N/A N/A + N/A
Leung et al, 2022 [35] 48 Breast, gynecological, colorectal, head and neck N/A N/A N/A + N/A
Lysø et al, 2024 [36] 30 Prostate cancer Combined +, − N/A N/A +
Manolitsis et al, 2023 [37] NA Prostate cancer N/A N/A + N/A N/A
McCradden et al, 2020 [38] 18 Meningioma N/A − U N/A N/A
Nally et al, 2024 [39] 28 Colorectal Combined +, − - N/A +
Nelson et al, 2020 [18] 32 Melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer Combined +, − N/A N/A N/A
Rodler et al, 2024 [40] 257 Prostate cancer Combined N/A + N/A N/A
Šafran et al, 2024 [41] 166 Breast, colorectal N/A N/A N/A + N/A
Temple et al, 2023 [42] 95 N/A N/A − − N/A N/A
van Bussel et al, 2022 [43] 135 Breast, colorectal, gynecological, N/A N/A + U N/A N/A
Yang et al, 2019 [19] 402 Lung, breast, pharyngeal, lymphoma, othersf Combined +, − N/A N/A N/A
a

Patient population with cancer in the included study only. For detailed information on participant size and characteristics, please see Multimedia Appendix 2.

b

AI: artificial intelligence.

c

Sources were identified as either having a patient attitude that prefers AI, a physician, or a combined AI plus physician model.

d

Predominant attitudes in each paper are indicated by positive (+), negative (−), or undefined (U) to describe patients’ feelings with respect to the given attitude.

e

N/A: not applicable or not assessed.

f

The top 4 types of cancer included in the study have been included in this list. For more detailed information, please see Multimedia Appendix 2.