Figure 8. Ca²⁺ transients in multiple organoids undergo synchronization upon organoidal fusion.

(A) Time-lapse imaging of organoidal fusion. (B) When two organoids that originally displayed independent Ca²⁺ rhythm fused to each other, their rhythm became synchronized after fusion (24 h). (C) Contraction intervals before and after fusion. Median values: before fusion, 13.65; after fusion, 21.04. Statistical significance was assessed using Welch’s t-test. ***p<0.001. Sample size: n = 3 pairs. Peak counts: before, 138; after, 90. (D) Cellular protrusions between two neighboring organoids. White arrowheads show three protrusions from the left organoid. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B, D), 20 µm (inset (a) in (D)).

Figure 8—video 1. Live imaging during fusion of multiple organoids.

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Time-lapse images were obtained every 10 min for 4 hr. This video corresponds to Figure 8A. Scale bar: 50 µm.

Figure 8—video 2. Ca²⁺ transients in two gut contractile organoids before and after fusion.

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Time-lapse images were obtained with 450 ms intervals for 5 min. This video corresponds to Figure 8B. Scale bars: 100 µm.