Table 3.
Regressions of LUTS symptom index and bladder health scale scores on ethnic/racial identity, adjusting for socioeconomic position variables, age, and vaginal parity, and on socioeconomic position variables, adjusting for ethnic/racial identity, age, vaginal parity.
| Mean Difference in Symptom Index or Bladder Health Scale Scorea | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnic and Racial Identity or Socioeconomic Position Variable | LURN SI-10 Score | Global Scale | Social-Occupational Scale | Physical Activity Scale | Travel Scale | Emotional Scale |
| b (95% CI) | b (95% CI) | b (95% CI) | b (95% CI) | b (95% CI) | b (95% CI) | |
|
| ||||||
| Ethnic and Racial Identity | ||||||
| (reference group, Non-Hispanic White) b | ||||||
| Hispanic, Any Race | −0.0 (−0.7, 0.7) | 0.8 (−1.6, 3.2) | −2.3 (−4.3, −0.3) | −2.1 (−5.2, 1.0) | −0.8 (−3.3, 1.6) | −0.8 (−3.5, 1.8) |
| Non‐Hispanic Asian | −1.3 (−1.9, −0.7) c | 4.2 (1.1, 7.2) | −1.8 (−4.5, 0.9) | 0.9 (−2.8, 4.5) | −0.1 (−3.5, 3.2) | −0.9 (−4.4, 2.7) |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | −0.6 (−1.3, 0.1) | 4.1 (1.6, 6.7) | 0.4 (−1.7, 2.4) | 6.8 (3.8, 9.8) c | 0.7 (−2.0, 3.3) | 4.1 (1.6, 6.7) |
| Non‐Hispanic Other Racial Identity | −0.4 (−2.4, 1.7) | 0.2 (−9.5, 10.0) | 0.8 (−4.9, 6.5) | −1.8 (−14.1, 10.6) | −2.4 (−14.4, 9.6) | −0.4 (−11.2, 10.4) |
| Non‐Hispanic Multiple Racial Identities | 0.6 (−0.8, 2.0) | −1.9 (−7.1, 3.3) | −3.0 (−7.9, 1.9) | 2.1 (−2.7, 6.9) | −1.1 (−6.7, 4.5) | −2.8 (−8.8, 3.2) |
| Education | ||||||
| (reference group, graduate degree after college) | ||||||
| High school/GED or less | 1.5 (0.8, 2.2) c | −1.0 (−3.5, 1.6) | −4.0 (−6.1, −1.9) c | −7.8 (−11.1, −4.6) c | −0.7 (−3.2, 1.8) | −5.5 (−8.3, −2.7) c |
| Some college or vocational training | 1.6 (1.0, 2.3) c | −3.5 (−6.0, −1.1) | −3.1 (−5.0, −1.2) | −7.5 (−10.4, −4.6) c | −0.9 (−3.2, 1.5) | −5.2 (−7.8, −2.7) c |
| Vocational degree or associate degree | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | −0.9 (−3.4, 1.6) | −2.6 (−4.6, −0.6) | −6.3 (−9.4, −3.2) c | −1.1 (−3.6, 1.5) | −3.0 (−5.6, −0.3) |
| Bachelor’s degree | −0.1 (−0.5, 0.3) | 0.7 (−1.2, 2.6) | 0.8 (−0.5, 2.2) | −0.6 (−2.6, 1.5) | 0.6 (−1.2, 2.4) | 0.6 (−1.3, 2.5) |
| % FPL by 100 (continuous variable) | −0.2 (−0.3, −0.2) c | 0.6 (0.3, 0.8) c | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) c | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) c | 0.6 (0.3, 0.8) c | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) c |
| Health Insurance Coverage and Type | ||||||
| (reference group, private insurance) | ||||||
| No health insurance | 1.8 (0.5, 3.1) | 0.2 (−3.4, 3.8) | −4.4 (−7.9, −0.8) | −4.2 (−8.8, 0.3) | −5.8 (−10.3, −1.3) | −3.7 (−8.0, 0.6) |
| Medicaid only | 2.7 (1.7, 3.8) c | −5.6 (−8.9, −2.3) | −9.0 (−12.0, −5.9) c | −8.0 (−11.8, −4.1) c | −3.7 (−7.0, −0.3) | −10.9 (−14.8, −7.1) c |
| Medicare without supplemental health insurance | 0.6 (−0.1, 1.4) | −3.6 (−6.7, −0.5) | −3.3 (−5.7, −0.9) | −3.2 (−7.2, 0.7) | −3.1 (−6.1, −0.2) | −2.5 (−5.7, 0.8) |
| Medicare with supplemental health insurance besides Medicaid | 0.3 (−0.3, 0.9) | −3.0 (−5.6, −0.5) | −1.9 (−3.8, 0.1) | 3.0 (−0.1, 6.1) | −4.2 (−6.7, −1.7) | −0.7 (−3.4, 1.9) |
| Medicare and Medicaid | 1.9 (0.3, 3.6) | −1.4 (−6.5, 3.6) | −6.5 (−11.7, −1.2) | −5.4 (−11.5, 0.6) | −5.1 (−10.8, 0.6) | −6.6 (−12.3, −1.0) |
| Tricare, other military health care, VA health care, IHS, or other insurance | 0.5 (−0.4, 1.5) | −0.7 (−3.9, 2.6) | −2.7 (−5.3, 0.0) | −2.0 (−6.2, 2.2) | −1.8 (−5.2, 1.6) | −3.2 (−6.9, 0.5) |
| Usual Source of Health Care, Illness (yes versus no) | −0.4 (−1.4, 0.5) | 2.4 (−1.0, 5.9) | 3.0 (0.0, 5.9) | 4.3 (0.1, 8.5) | 1.4 (−2.1, 4.9) | 5.5 (1.5, 9.6) |
| Usual Source of Health Care, Prevention (yes versus no) | −0.3 (−1.5, 0.8) | 3.2 (−0.9, 7.3) | 1.6 (−1.9, 5.1) | 0.9 (−3.8, 5.6) | −0.8 (−4.8, 3.3) | 3.9 (−0.7, 8.6) |
a
Higher scores on all bladder health scales indicate better health.
b
The reference group is Non-Hispanic White (no other endorsed race). Participants coded into the Non-Hispanic Asian, Non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White categories endorsed no other race.
c
This association was significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.