Table 1.

Key features highlighting differences between hepatic endometriosis and hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

Feature	Hepatic endometriosis	Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Etiology	Ectopic endometrial tissue [6]	Vascular endothelial cell origin [10]
Incidence	Extremely rare, with only about 21 cases reported [15]	Rare, with an incidence of 1-2 cases per million [10]
Age at diagnosis	Typically, women of reproductive age but can occur after menopause [6]	40–50s [10]
Clinical presentation	Abdominal pain, often cyclical and related to the menstrual cycle; infertility [6]	Nonspecific symptoms (e.g., right upper quadrant pain and weight loss) but more commonly incidental finding [10]
Imaging characteristics	May present as cystic liver lesions [16]	Hypoechoic, heterogeneous on US; subcapsular location, capsular retraction, calcifications on CT/MRI [10]
Histopathology	Endometrial glands and stroma (CD10, CK7), estrogen/progesterone receptors [17]	Epithelioid and histiocytoid cells, positive for endothelial markers (CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen) [18]
Genetic markers	Nonspecific [6]	WWTR1–CAMTA1 fusion, YAP1–TFE3 fusion [19]
Treatment	Hormonal therapy, surgical resection [6]	Surgical resection, liver transplantation, ablative therapies, systemic therapy in select cases [10]
Prognosis	Generally good and centered on symptom management [6]	Variable; median survival 15 years, poor prognosis with lung/multiorgan involvement, ascites, age > 55, male gender [10]