Table 1.
Participant characteristics among included runners distributed across exposure groups based on use of running equipment.
| Variable | Total n = 7347 |
No equipment n = 4285 |
Ankle brace n = 29 |
Knee brace n = 114 |
Ankle tape n = 38 |
Knee tape n = 38 |
Insoles n = 697 |
Compression socks n = 737 |
Jogging stroller n = 57 |
Backpack n = 457 |
Multi-use n = 836 |
Uncertain n = 20 |
Uncertain + equipment n = 39 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD), years1 | 46.4 (10.5) | 46.4 (10.6) | 45.2 (11.3) | 48.4 (10.5) | 48.2 (10.2) | 47.7 (11.7) | 49.4 (11.0) | 45.7 (10.0) | 37.2 (4.5) | 43.9 (9.4) | 45.7 (10.1) | 45.7 (10.9) | 44.2 (9.2) |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||||||||
| Female | 1636 (22%) | 903 (21%) | 13 (45%) | 25 (22%) | 11 (29%) | 12 (32%) | 186 (27%) | 142 (19%) | 19 (33%) | 100 (22%) | 219 (26%) | 2 (10%) | 4 (10%) |
| Male | 5711 (78%) | 3382 (79%) | 16 (55%) | 89 (78%) | 27 (71%) | 26 (68%) | 511 (73%) | 595 (81%) | 38 (67%) | 357 (78%) | 617 (74%) | 18 (90%) | 35 (90%) |
| Median BMI (IQR), kg/m2 | 24.06 (4.29) | 24.02 (4.19) | 24.77 (6.28) | 24.85 (4.78) | 24.24 (4.78) | 24.57 (4.98) | 23.95 (4.20) | 24.22 (4.43) | 22.91 (3.63) | 23.84 (4.28) | 24.13 (4.44) | 23.21 (5.77) | 24.34 (5.30) |
| Median cumulative kilometers (IQR) | 238.76 (715.2) | 255.11 (742.3) | 68.42 (384.8) | 96.80 (464.3) | 120.19 (387.6) | 98.57 (292.5) | 217.06 (645.1) | 204.54 (632.9) | 404.82 (836.6) | 417.14 (910.2) | 196.06 (620.5) | 261.38 (609.9) | 157.08 (567.0) |
| Injury, n (%) | 3713 (51%) | 2048 (48%) | 14 (48%) | 59 (52%) | 27 (71%) | 21 (55%) | 418 (60%) | 375 (51%) | 18 (32%) | 250 (55%) | 463 (55%) | 5 (25%) | 15 (38%) |
| Running experience, n (%)2 | |||||||||||||
| 0–5 years | 1951 (27%) | 1121 (26%) | 6 (21%) | 39 (35%) | 9 (24%) | 12 (32%) | 142 (21%) | 234 (32%) | 11 (19%) | 129 (28%) | 228 (28%) | 8 (40%) | 12 (32%) |
| 5–10 years | 1915 (26%) | 1129 (27%) | 6 (21%) | 24 (21%) | 10 (26%) | 12 (32%) | 147 (21%) | 189 (26%) | 13 (23%) | 138 (30%) | 231 (28%) | 6 (30%) | 10 (26%) |
| More than 10 years | 3428 (47%) | 2009 (47%) | 16 (58%) | 49 (44%) | 19 (50%) | 14 (36%) | 401 (58%) | 309 (42%) | 33 (58%) | 189 (42%) | 367 (44%) | 6 (30%) | 16 (42%) |
| Previous problem, n (%)3 | |||||||||||||
| No previous problem | 3374 (46%) | 2218 (52%) | 9 (31%) | 30 (27%) | 2 (5%) | 8 (21%) | 265 (38%) | 295 (40%) | 29 (51%) | 216 (48%) | 278 (33%) | 8 (40%) | 16 (43%) |
| Yes | 3934 (54%) | 2047 (48%) | 20 (69%) | 83 (73%) | 36 (95%) | 30 (79%) | 429 (62%) | 436 (60%) | 28 (49%) | 238 (52%) | 654 (67%) | 12 (60%) | 21 (57%) |
Abbreviations: IQR = interquartile range, n = number, and SD = standard deviation.
1Missing values: total—12, no equipment—7, ankle brace—1, insoles—1, and multi-use—3.
2Missing values: total—53, no equipment—26, ankle brace—1, knee brace—2, insoles—7, compression socks—5, backpack—1, multi-use—10, and uncertain + equipment—1.
3Missing values: total—39, no equipment—20, knee brace—1, insoles—3, compression socks—6, backpack—3, multi-use—4, and uncertain + equipment—2.