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. 2025 Aug 14;2025:8124858. doi: 10.1155/prm/8124858

Table 3.

Effect of treatment on the control group.

Outcome Pretreatment (n = 44) Posttreatment (n = 40) p value
Mean ± SD Median (Q1, Q3) Mean ± SD Median (Q1, Q3)
BDI 18.84 ± 3.42 20.00 (17.00, 22.00) 15.48 ± 4.18 17.00 (12.00, 19.00) < 0.001b∗
HDRS 19.64 ± 3.41 20.00 (18.00, 22.00) 14.08 ± 3.77 14.00 (11.00, 17.00) < 0.001b∗
GERD questionnaire 46.73 ± 5.72 46.00 (43.50, 50.50) 35.54 ± 12.23 37.50 (26.00, 44.75) < 0.001a∗
NPRS 6.25 ± 0.67 6.00 (6.00, 7.00) 4.95 ± 0.96 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) < 0.001b∗

Note: n, number of participants; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile.

Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; NPRS, Numerical Pain Rating Scale; SD, standard deviation.

aStudent's t.

bWilcoxon w.

Significant value, if p < 0.05.